3) When researchers have a hypothesis that states that coffee can help improve the muscular strength, what is the null hypothesis? a. Green tea does help improve the muscular strength. b. Hot milk does help improve the muscular strength. c. Coffee does not help improve the muscular strength. d. There is no hypothesis about coffee.
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In statistical hypothesis testing, the null hypothesis ($$H_0$$) is a statement that there is no effect, no difference, or no relationship between variables. It is typically the hypothesis that the researcher tries to disprove or reject. The alternative hypothesis Show more…
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Scenario: Does amount of caffeine affect memory? This study was conducted using 30 participants who report not regularly consuming caffeine. The researcher has those 30 participants complete a memory task on three separate days (counterbalanced among participants). All participants complete the memory task after having none, moderate, and high levels of caffeine. The memory task was quantified as number of items correctly recalled. Assume data meets all assumptions for a parametric test. Question: What is the null hypothesis for this scenario? Choose the right answer: 1-Caffeine does not affect performance on a memory task. 2-Caffeine affects performance on a memory task. 3-People who regularly consume caffeine perform better on a memory task than those who do not regularly consume caffeine. 4-People who regularly consume caffeine perform worse on a memory task than those who do not regularly consume caffeine.
Dave K.
A cognitive psychologist recalled his experiences in the graduate school and mentioned that he probably would have never made it through had it not been for “energy drinks.” Energy drinks have kept him from crashing during the long days of classes while doing other academic tasks. They helped him more than most of his classmates who drank coffee. To test this hypothesis, he randomly selected 24 students and had them stay up all night to do academic tasks. He randomly assigned them to either drink coffee or energy drink. He tested their cognitive ability using the CSB (cognitive skills battery), which is known to have a normal distribution in the population, and the results are shown in the table below. Does drinking energy drink lead to higher cognitive functioning after a night of little or no sleep when compared to coffee? Let ∝ =0.5. Subject Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Coffee Group 30 42 27 37 31 28 30 36 42 39 51 38 Energy Drink Group 35 50 51 53 55 63 45 53 50 44 71 47 What is the null and alternative hypothesis to this problem
Danielle F.
Although there is a popular belief that herbal remedies such as Ginkgo biloba and Ginseng may improve learning and memory in healthy adults, these effects are usually not supported by well-controlled research. In a typical study, a researcher obtains a sample of n = 37 participants and has each person take the herbal supplements every day for 90 days. At the end of the 90 days, each person takes a standardized memory test. For the general population, scores from the test are normally distributed with a mean of μ = 80 and a standard deviation of σ = 20. The sample of research participants had an average of M = 82. Which of the statements below is the best option for the null hypothesis being tested. Answer A, B, or C in the box Option A. The herbal supplements have an increasing effect on memory scores. Option B. The herbal supplements have no effect on memory scores. Option C. The herbal supplements have a decreasing effect on memory scores. Which of the below sets of symbols best states the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. Answer A, B, C, or D in the box Option A. H 0: μ = 80; H 1: μ ≠ 80 Option B. H 0: μ = 80; H 1: μ > 80 Option C. H 0: μ = 80; H 1: μ < 80 Option D. H 0: μ = 82; H 1: μ ≠ 82 Conduct the hypothesis test using a two-tailed test with α= 0.10. (Use/round to 2 decimal places.) z-critical = ± z = Which of the below sets of options best represents the appropriate conclusion. Answer A, B, C, or D in the box Option A. Reject the null hypothesis, the herbal supplements do not have a significant effect on memory scores. Option B. Reject the null hypothesis, the herbal supplements have a significant effect on memory scores. Option C. Fail to reject the null hypothesis, the herbal supplements have a significant effect on memory scores. Option D. Fail to reject the null hypothesis, the herbal supplements do not have a significant effect on memory scores.
Kari H.
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