34)Can you describe some common problems at joints: sprains, bursitis, dislocation, cartilage injuries, arthritis (what are the differences between osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis, & rheumatoid arthritis?)
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Adi S.
1. In a sprain, the ligaments reinforcing a joint are excessively stretched or torn. 2. Age-related erosion of articular cartilages and formation of painful bony spurs are characteristic of osteoarthritis. 3. Chronic arthritis usually results from autoimmune disorders. 4. Healing of a partially torn ligament is slow because its hundreds of fibrous strands are poorly aligned. 5. Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease. 6. High levels of uric acid in the blood may lead to gouty arthritis. 7. A soft bone condition in children, usually caused by a lack of calcium or vitamin D in the diet, is called rickets. 8. Atrophy and thinning of bone owing to hormonal changes or inactivity (generally in the elderly) is called osteoporosis.
List and briefly describe the PRIMARY (not accessory) structures of synovial joints. Then list the 3 types of arthritis, the primary cause of each, and the part(s) of the joint affected. Describe in detail the structure and function of an intervertebral disc and its stabilizing ligaments, including correctly classifying the joint structurally and functionally. Then compare what happens to these structures in a slipped disc vs a herniated disc.
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