4) Lipolysis is used to A) Degrade triacylglycerols B) Prepare triacylglycerols for excretion C) Remove lipid from membrane D) Cleave fatty acids into two carbon units E) Convert fatty acids to glucose 5) Which of the following lipids have signaling functions? A) Triacylglycerols B) Steroids C) Bile salts D) Prostaglandins E) ?-tocopherol 6) The principal means of producing glycerol in the body A) The triacylglycerol cycle B) Glyceroneogenesis C) Gluconeogenesis D) Lipolysis E) Liponeogenesis 7) Which of the following is not a function of lipids A) Energy storage B) Components of biological membranes C) Insulation D) Source of acetyl-CoA E) All of the above are functions of lipids 8) Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol by action of __________. A) Lipases B) SAM C) Acyl carrier protein D) Serine E) Base exchange enzyme 9) Enzymes required for fatty acid oxidation (beta-oxidation) are found in __________ &__________. A) ER; Nucleus B) Mitochondria; ER C) Mitochondria; Peroxisomes D) Peroxisomes; ER E) Golgi; Cellwall 10) When energy reserves are low, the body's fat stores are mobilized in a process termed as __________. A) Lipogenesis B) Glycolysis C) Ketolysis D) Lipolysis E) Proteolysis
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1. Lipid digestion, absorption, and transport uses lipoproteins. The first lipoprotein type to be employed is _. a) VLDL b) LDL c) Chylomicrons d) HDL 2. During lipid digestion, lipids are acted upon by bile acids which allows for their breakdown by lipases. Which organ produces bile acids? a) Stomach b) Gallbladder c) Small Intestine d) Liver 3. Triacylglycerols are broken down by lipases, and the products are absorbed by the: a) Intestine b) Stomach c) Gallbladder d) Liver 4. The number of high energy phosphate bonds required for ubiquitin attachment to a condemned protein is a) 1 b) 0 c) 2 d) 4
Adi S.
a. Glucose-6-P dehydrogenase and the hexose monophosphate shunt decarboxylate glucose, and thus, the pathway is an important source of: a. Ribosomes b. 20 S ribosomes c. NAD d. Bicarbonate e. ATP b. Based on their biosynthesis, most fatty acids are even-numbered molecules. Thus, 15 and 17 chain fatty acids would need to begin with: a. Acetone b. Beta-hydroxy-butyrate c. Acetoacetate d. Pyruvate e. Propanyl-CoA c. As the most important anabolic hormone, insulin increases fat synthesis by: a. Inhibiting glycogen synthase activity b. Via ketone body formation c. Increasing malonyl-CoA synthesis d. Increasing hormone-sensitive lipase activity e. Stimulating the Krebs cycle d. Polyunsaturated fatty acids are considered better for your health. They are most often: a. Derived from mammals b. Have no double bonds c. Hydrogenated oils d. Liquids at room temperature e. Mix easily with water
Madhur L.
Why are triacylglycerols used in the human body for energy storage? (A) $\quad$ They are highly hydrated and therefore can store lots of energy. (B) $\quad$ They always have short fatty acid chains for easy access by metabolic enzymes. (C) $\quad$ The carbon atoms of the fatty acid chains are highly reduced and therefore yield more energy upon oxidation. (D) $\quad$ Polysaccharides, which would actually be a better energy storage form, would dissolve in the body.
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