43. A chemist has discovered a drug that blocks phosphoglucoisomerase, an enzyme that catalyzes the second reaction in glycolysis. He wants to use the drug to kill bacteria in people with infections. However, he cannot do this because
a) bacteria are prokaryotes; they usually do not need to perform glycolysis
b) human cells must also perform glycolysis; the drug might also poison them
c) glycolysis produces so little ATP that the drug will have little effect
d) this step in the pathway of glycolysis can be skipped in bacteria, but not in humans
e) glycolysis can occur without the action of enzymes
44. There is no production of carbon dioxide in glycolysis. Which of the following is the best explanation for this fact?
a) Glucose contains more carbons than the number of carbons found in the pyruvate products that are produced by glycolysis
b) The products of glycolysis contain the same total number of carbon atoms as in the starting material
c) The initial steps of glycolysis require an input of energy in the form of ATP (two per glucose)
d) There is very little ATP produced in glycolysis
e) There are no oxidation or reduction reactions in glycolysis to produce CO2
45. Which of the following molecules in the process of glycolysis possesses the most chemical energy?
a) fructose-6-phosphate b) pyruvate
c) glucose d) fructose-1,6-bisphosphate e) glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
46. In an experiment, mice were fed glucose (C6H12O6) containing a small amount of radioactive oxygen. The mice were closely monitored, and after a few minutes radioactive oxygen atoms showed up in (Concept 9.3)
a) carbon dioxide b) oxygen gas c) ATP d) water e) NADH
47. In preparing pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle, which of the following steps occurs?
a) Pyruvate is reduced to acetyl-CoA, which involves reduction of pyruvate, addition of a CO2 from environment, & its reduction by NADH
b) Pyruvate is oxidized and a molecule of carbon dioxide is removed. The electrons removed in this process are donated to NADH to produce NAD+
c) Pyruvate is reduced and a molecule of carbon dioxide is removed. The electrons removed in this process are used to oxidize NAD+ to NADH
d) Pyruvate is oxidized and a molecule of carbon dioxide is removed. The electrons removed in this process are used to reduce NAD+ to NADH
e) Pyruvate is ionized directly to acetyl-CoA
48. In the citric acid cycle, for each pyruvate that enters the cycle, one ATP, three NADH, and one FADH2 are produced. For each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis, how many ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are produced in the citric acid cycle?
a) three ATP, three NADH, one FADH2 b) two ATP, six NADH, two FADH2
c) one ATP, three NADH, one FADH2 d) four ATP, six NADH, two FADH2
49. After completion of the citric acid cycle, most of the usable energy from the original glucose molecule is in the form of
a) acetyl CoA b) ATP c) CO2 d) NADH e) FADH2
50. The energy given up by electrons as they move through the electron transport chain is used in which of the following processes?
a) pumping H+ across a membrane b) the production of CO2
c) the oxidation of water d) the production of NADH and FADH2 e) the breakdown of glucose