4a. (3 pts) Mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Based on Claudia's family history, explain why the genetic counselor said she had a fifty-fifty chance of inheriting the mutation. To explain your answer, assign the BRCA1 gene a letter for wild-type and mutant alleles.
4b. (1 pt) According to the National Cancer Institute, what is the lifetime risk for breast cancer in women with a BRCA1 mutation versus women without the mutation?
4c. (6 pts) Describe one advantage and one disadvantage of using direct-to-consumer genetic medical testing.
4d. (2 pts) What is meant by the term "previvor," and what measures did Claudia undertake to reduce her cancer risk?