82) What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses? A) It hydrolyzes the host cell's DNA. B) It uses viral RNA as a template for making complementary RNA strands. C) It uses viral RNA as a template for DNA synthesis. D) It converts host cell RNA into viral DNA. 83) Which of the following processes can be effective in preventing the onset of viral infection in humans? A) applying antiseptics B) taking vitamins C) getting vaccinated D) taking antibiotics 84) A human pandemic is A) a viral disease that infects all humans. B) a virus that increases in mortality rate as it spreads. C) a flu that kills more than 1 million people. D) an epidemic that extends around the world. 85) Adenoviruses can cause many mild clinical conditions in humans. All are examples of symptomes except; A) Pink eye B) bronchitis C) Sore muscles D) Common cold 86) What is bioinformatics? A) a procedure that uses software to order DNA sequences in a variety of comparable ways B) the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data C) software programs available from NIH to design and synthesize genes D) a technique using three-dimensional images of genes to predict how and when they will be expressed 87) What characteristic of short tandem repeat DNA makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting? A) The number of repeats varies widely from person to person or animal to animal (which can make it an effective method for paternity testing). B) Every racial and ethnic group has inherited different short tandem repeats. C) The sequence variation is acted upon differently by natural selection in different environments. 88) Scientists were able to map the molecular makeup of every gene present in the human species as a part of what project? A) Bioinformatics sequencing B) Whole-Genome project C) Human Genome Project D) Genomics project 89) Natural selection is based on all of the following except A) genetic variation exists within populations. B) individuals who survive longer tend to leave more offspring than those who die young. C) individuals adapt to their environments and thereby evolve. 90) Artificial selection is A) past extinction. B) patterns of evolution. C) human-directed selective breeding. D) slower than natural selection.
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Q86: What is bioinformatics? A86: \boxed{\text{B) the application of computational methods to the storage and analysis of biological data}} Q87: What characteristic of short tandem repeat DNA makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting? A87: \boxed{\text{A) The number Show more…
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a specific base sequence called its recognition site. A normal p53 gene is removed intact from its chromosome because there are recognition sites on either side of the gene as indicated by the little pairs of scissors in Figure 1 below. Figure 1. Normal p53 gene. One of the mutations that destroys the function of p53 substitutes an incorrect base for the correct one. This may result in the introduction of a new restriction site as shown by the arrow below. In the space provided in Figure 2. draw what will result when this piece of DNA is cut by the restriction endonuclease Figure 2. Mutated p53 gene. How many pieces would result from cutting the mutated p53 DNA? Are the lengths of the resulting fragments of the mutated p53 DNA the same or different? The difference you just noted between a normal p53 gene and the mutated gene is detectable by gel electrophoresis. Gel electrophoresis is a technique which separates DNA fragments by length. DNA fragments are placed into a well of an agarose gel. Because DNA is negatively charged, the DNA fragments move through the gel toward the positive pole of the chamber when current is applied. The fragments snake their way through microscopic openings in the agarose gel. The smaller the DNA fragment, the more easily it moves through the gel and the further it travels. Larger fragments will move slower and therefore end up closer to the well end of the gel The gel contains ethidium bromide which binds to the DNA fragments. When the gel is placed on an ultraviolet light box, the DNA bands will fluoresce orange. Refer back to Figures 1 and 2 to answer the following two questions. How many bands would be present when a normal p53 gene is cut out of the chromosome? How many bands would be present when a mutated p53 gene is cut out? Because a somatic cell has pairs of chromosomes, each cell has two copies of chromosome 17. So, every time p53 analysis is performed on a tissue sample, there will be two copies of the p53 gene. Realize that the two copies may be the same or they may be different. What are the three different combinations of normal and mutated p53 genes that a person can inherit? Examine the three lanes on the gel located on the next page. (1) Which one (A. B. or C) is from a person with 2 normal copies of p53? (2) Which is from a person with 2 mutated copies of p53? (3) Which is from a person with 1 normal and 1 mutated copy of p53? Lab 12: p53 and the Cell Cycle
Sri K.
A. ligation of the Okazaki fragments. B. removal of the RNA primer. C. removal of base mismatches. D. repair of deaminated bases. 7. A piece nucleic acid is composed of 19 Thymines, 24 Guanines, 22 Cytosines, and 10 Adenines. This stretch of nucleic acid is most likely: A. Double Stranded DNA B. Double Stranded RNA C. Single Stra. nded DNA D. Single Stranded RNA 8. A drug is found to target DNA Polymerase III. Which of the following cell types would be unaffected by this drug? A. red blood cells B. skin epithelial cells C. gut epithelial cells D. spermatogonia 9. The experiments of Meselson and Stahl demonstrated the semiconservative mechanism of DNA replication by showing that when 15N-loaded DNA replicates in the presence of 14N: A. the new strand of a replicated DNA molecule contains equal amounts of 15N and 14N. B. after one round of DNA replication, one strand of the DNA molecule contains only i. 14N and the other contains only 15N. C. after several rounds of DNA replication, all of the DNA was converted from the 'HH' to the 'LH' form. D. after many rounds of replication, half of DNA has the 'HH' density and half has the 'LL' density. 10. A nucleosome consists of: A. one of each of the 5 types (H1 – H4) of histone proteins. B. a cluster of histone proteins that are wrapped around the DNA double helix. C. the DNA polymerase complex and the Okazaki fragments of 200 bases in length. D. two peptides each of histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4, wrapped by the DNA double helix. 11. Much of the DNA in a eukaryotic genome is ‘‘non-coding’’, i.e., it does not carry genetic code for protein synthesis. Non-coding DNA would be found in all of the following locations, EXCEPT: A. in between genes B. in repetitive DNA
Adi S.
38. Which technique is used in DNA fingerprinting? Restriction digestion (Cutting DNA with Restriction enzymes) Gel electrophoresis "Southern Blot" (transference DNA onto nitrocellulose paper/membrane) "Western Blot" (transference protein onto nitrocellulose paper/membrane) None of the above (all are used in DNA - fingerprinting) 39. Which is NOT an application of DNA fingerprinting? Identification human remains Paternity determination Crime Scene Investigation Using Genetic markers to diagnose certain diseases All of the above 40. Which is NOT a true statement regarding GMOs? a. GMO crops can be engineered to produce pesticides b. GMO crops can be engineered to be resistant to drought c. GMO crops can be engineered to contain nutrients not normally found in that food plant d. The long-term effects of consuming GMOs remains unknown e. None of the above (All are true statements) Which is NOT an application of therapeutic cloning? a. Treatment for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases b. Production of specialized tissue for use in transplants and grafts c. Production of specialized tissue for testing new treatments and drugs d. Production of an individual that IS genetically identical to the donor of a somatic cell nucleus e. None of the above (All are true statements)
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