50. Prove that if $U$ and $W$ are normal subsets of a Sylow $p$-subgroup $P$ of $G$ then $U$ is conjugate to $W$ in $G$ if and only if $U$ is conjugate to $W$ in $N_G(P)$. Deduce that two elements in the center of $P$ are conjugate in $G$ if and only if they are conjugate in $N_G(P)$. (A subset $U$ of $P$ is normal in $P$ if $N_P(U) = P$.)
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Suppose $U$ is conjugate to $W$ in $G$. Then there exists $g \in G$ such that $gUg^{-1} = W$. If $g \in N_G(P)$, then $U$ is conjugate to $W$ in $N_G(P)$. Suppose $U$ is conjugate to $W$ in $N_G(P)$. Then there exists $g \in N_G(P)$ such that $gUg^{-1} = W$. Since Show more…
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a.) Show that a subgroup of index 2 is always normal. b.) Let G be the symmetry group of the cube, choose a "special vertex" v of the cube, and let H be the subgroup of G that fixes v. Show that H is not normal. (Ask yourself: if σ is any element of G, what do the elements of σHσ⁻¹ have in common? In contrast, what about the elements of Hσ? It has something to do with σ and v and should allow a short argument for non-normality of H.)
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