58. Hepatitis with cholestatic jaundice occurs most frequently as an adverse reaction to the following preparation of erythromycin: A. Erythromycin base B. Erythromycin stearate C. Erythromycin estolate D. Erythromycin ethylsuccinate 59. A patient of bronchial asthma maintained on theophylline developed upper respiratory tract infection. Which antimicrobial if used can increase the risk of developing theophylline toxicity: A. Ampicillin B. Cephalexin C. Cotrimoxazole D. Erythromycin 60. Compared to erythromycin, azithromycin has: A. Extended antimicrobial spectrum B. Better gastric tolerance C. Longer duration of action D. All of the above 61. Highest incidence of antibiotic associated pseudomembranous enterocolitis has been noted with the use of: A. Ampicillin B. Chloramphenicol C. Vancomycin D. Clindamycin 62. The following is true of vancomycin except: A. It is a bactericidal antibiotic active primarily against gram positive bacteria B. It acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis C. It is an alternative to penicillin for enterococcal endocarditis D. It can cause deafness as a dose related toxicity
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Hepatitis with cholestatic jaundice occurs most frequently as an adverse reaction to which preparation of erythromycin? Answer: Erythromycin estolate Show more…
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Erythromycin: acts by inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 23S ribosomal RNA molecule in the 50S subunit of ribosomes in susceptible bacterial organisms. Penicillin: kills bacteria by binding the beta-lactam ring to DD-transpeptidase, inhibiting its cross-linking activity and preventing the formation of new cell walls. A bacterial cell without a cell wall is vulnerable to outside water and molecular pressures, causing the cell to die quickly. Kanamycin: Kanamycin works by binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit, causing mRNA misreading and preventing the bacterium from synthesizing proteins required for growth. Chloramphenicol: Chloramphenicol is an antibacterial with broad activity against gram-positive, gram-negative, and Rickettsia bacteria. It works by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes. Novobiocin: inhibition of the GyrB subunit of the bacterial DNA gyrase enzyme, which is involved in energy transfer. Tetracycline: binds reversibly to the 30S ribosomal subunit in a position that prevents aminoacyl-tRNA from binding to the acceptor site on the mRNA-ribosome complex. Streptomycin: interferes with the function of ribosomes in bacterial cells, the complex molecular machines that create proteins by linking amino acids together. Neomycin: Through irreversible binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, it inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. Question: Which antibiotics seem to have the broadest spectrum of activity and why?
Adi S.
Some medications are formulated such that there is slow release of the active ingredients. Such formulations are known as extended release. Azithromycin ER is a single-dose, extended release formulation. The recommended dosage for a child 6 months and older who is brought to the Emergency Room with community-acquired pneumonia is 60 mg/kg administered orally. Azithromycin (immediate release) has a much faster onset of action and acts almost immediately when administered intravenously (by IV). Clinicians exercise clinical judgment when deciding whether or not to treat a pediatric patient with azithromycin intravenously. If therapy is deemed necessary, a dose of 10 mg/kg for those aged 6 months to 16 years is considered reasonable. (a) Based on the information above, what would be an appropriate dose of azithromycin ER for a baby weighing 17 lbs such as Amaan? (3 points) (b) How does the appropriate dose of azithromycin ER for a baby weighing 17 lbs such as Amaan compare with the dose of azithromycin that was given intravenously to Amaan? (3 points) (c) What would be an appropriate dose of azithromycin (immediate release) administered by IV for a baby weighing 17 lbs such as Amaan? How does your calculated dose compare with that indicated by Dr. Loiselle? (3 points)
The purpose of a study by Brown and Persley (A-8) was to characterize acute hepatitis A in patients over 40 years old. They performed a retrospective chart review of 20 patients who were diagnosed with acute hepatitis A but were not hospitalized. Of interest was the use of age (years) to predict bilirubin levels (mg/dl). The following data were collected: Age (years) Bilirubin (mg/dl) 78 7.5 44 7.0 72 12.9 42 1.8 81 14.3 45 0.8 59 8.0 78 3.8 64 14.1 47 3.5 48 10.9 50 5.1 46 12.3 57 16.5 42 1.0 52 3.5 58 5.2 58 5.6 52 5.1 45 1.9 Test the hypothesis that ÎĽ = 0 at the 0.05 level of significance against the alternative that ÎĽ > 0. 1. Using T-test. 2. Using ANOVA
Aishwarya K.
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