6. In terms of animal behaviour, ULTIMATE questions focus on... The evolution of a behaviour and how that trait develops within an individual organism All questions about animal behaviour are ultimate ones The development of a behavior within an organism and the mechanistic processes through which it is performed The adaptive significance of a behaviour and the mechanisms by which it is performed within an individual animal The evolution of a behaviour and its adaptive significance
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Question 12 The NEXT THREE questions all relate to the same background information: The sub-discipline psychology, called evolutionary psychology, assumes that many (or in some cases even all) common human behaviors are evolutionary adaptations (including criminal behaviors, different cheating patterns between sexes, altruism, helping others without expecting repayment, etc.). As an evolutionary biologist, you recommend a more cautious approach rather than expecting all human behaviors to be an adaptation (a result of natural selection) because: - Not all phenotypic (including behavioral) traits are heritable. - Not all phenotypic (including behavioral) traits affect the reproductive success of individuals. - Natural selection is not guaranteed under all conditions. - Learned behaviors (acquired by observing others during their lifetime) are not subject to evolution. - Behavior never has a heritable basis.
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Some animal behaviors can be modified by experience. Which of the following accurately predicts how an experiential factor is likely to affect an animal’s behavior? a. A species of salmon will migrate up the same river regardless of increases in predators that visit these waterways from one year to the next. b. Female elk that had difficult deliveries of calves will continue to mate with males in succeeding mating seasons. c. Bears that receive food from humans are later more likely to break into human habitations than bears that are not approached by humans. d. A bird raised from an egg isolated in a lab environment will give the same alarm call as birds of the same species raised in the wild.
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