6. Nicotinic receptors bind: A. acetylcholine and allow chloride ions to exit the cell. B. acetylcholine and allow sodium ions to enter the cell. C. muscarine and increase the contractility of intestinal muscle. D. norepinephrine and can either stimulate or inhibit the cell. E. norepinephrine and allow potassium entry, thereby exciting the cell. 7. Muscarinic receptors are proteins that bind the neurotransmitter: A. acetylcholine. B. epinephrine. C. norepinephrine. 8. Stimulation of β2 receptors in the lung causes: A. bronchoconstriction. B. bronchodilation. 9. In the heart, activation of these receptors increases heart rate. A. α1 B. α2 C. β1 D. β2 Trace the path leading to the effector for #9 starting in the CNS (brain or spinal cord). Include the name for the receptors on the receptive segment of the postganglionic neuron and on the effector.
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1) Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are classified as: A) cholinergic receptors. B) ligand-gated ion channels. C) cholinergic receptors. D) adrenergic receptors. E) More than 1 above correct. 2) Choose the correct statement about the neurotransmitters released by the autonomic nervous system A) The sympathetic preganglionic neuron releases adrenaline onto adrenergic receptors B) The parasympathetic postganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine onto muscarinic receptors C) The sympathetic preganglionic neuron releases acetylcholine onto nicotinic receptors D) The parasympathetic postganglionic neuron releases norepinephrine. E) None above correct.
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QUESTION 9 Acetylcholine acts at a GPCR on heart muscle to make the heart beat more slowly. It does so by ultimately opening K+ channels in the plasma membrane (as diagrammed in Figure Q16-32), which decreases the cell's excitability by making it harder to depolarize the plasma membrane. Indicate whether each of the following conditions would increase or decrease the effect of acetylcholine. A. Addition of a drug that stimulates the GTPase activity of the Gα subunit B. Mutations in the K+ channel that keep it closed all the time C. Modification of the Gα subunit by cholera toxin D. A mutation that decreases the affinity of the βγ complex of the G protein for the K+ channel E. A mutation in the acetylcholine receptor that prevents its localization on the cell surface F. Adding acetylcholinesterase to the external environment of the cell
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A neurotransmitter opens chloride (Cl-) channels on a postsynaptic neuron. Vm = -72 mV and ECl- = -85 mV in the postsynaptic neuron. Answer questions 17-19 about this neuron. 17. The Cl- channels opened by the neurotransmitter on the postsynaptic neuron are: a. leak channels b. aquaporins c. voltage gated channels d. ligand (chemically) gated channels 18. When the channels open, chloride: a. moves into the neuron b. moves out of the neuron c. there is no net movement of Cl- ions into or out of the neuron 19. The neurotransmitter is: a. inhibitory b. excitatory c. possibly glutamate d. possibly glycine e. b and c f. a and d
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