8) Describe how each of the following chemicals or diseases affect urine volume. 1 point.: a. Alcohol use - b. Caffeine use - c. Diabetes mellitus (Type 1 and 2) - d. Diabetes insipidus -
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The question asks to describe how certain chemicals or diseases affect urine volume. This requires knowledge of human physiology, specifically renal function and the effects of these substances/conditions on it. Show more…
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A patient goes to the doctor complaining about excessive thirst, frequent urination and weight loss. She gets up several times during the night to urinate. She is also drinking excessive amounts of water and has lost approximately 4 kg of body weight in about a month. Tests reveal a blood glucose level of 500 mg/dl. Normal levels are usually approximately 50 to 160 mg/dl. Her blood pH is 7.23 which is less than the normal healthy range of 7.35 to 7.45. Her urine tests positive for the presence of glucose and ketone bodies such as acetone and acetoacetate. Glucose and ketone bodies are not normally present in the urine. a) Why is blood pH low? In this particular case, what is the name of this clinical condition? b) This patient is constantly hyperventilating. Why is this occurring? c) Why does this patient urinate frequently?
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Submit answers in text box below.Describe what would happen if you drank the following solutions. (5 pts each)You drink ½ cup of salty waterWhat happens to your blood solute concentration?Which hormone(s) are involved and what do they do?How does this affect the volume of urine? You drink 1 ½ cups of caffeinated coffee or diet soda.What happens to sodium reabsorption?How does this affect the volume of urine? You drink three cups of distilled water.What happens to your blood volume?Which hormone(s) are involved and what do they do?How does this affect the volume of urine? You drink a cup of alcohol.What part of the brain is affected as it relates to the urinary system?Which hormone(s) are involved and what do they do?How does this affect the volume of urine?
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Case 1 — Jeff Jones is 19 years old. He notices that he has increased urine output, increased appetite, and excessive thirst. He has also experienced unexplained weight loss. Case 2 — Mr. Thompson is 60 years old and has been unusually tired for several weeks. He occasionally feels dizzy and lately he finds it increasingly difficult to sleep at night. He has swollen ankles and feet and his face looks puffy. He experiences a burning pain in his lower back, just below the rib cage. He also notices that his urine is dark in color. He goes to see his physician, who finds that he has elevated blood pressure, and that the kidney region is sensitive to pressure. Case 3 — Ms. Smith is 27 years old and has been experiencing painful and difficult urination (dysuria), frequency of urination and urgency. Her urine has a milky color. She also has fever and malaise, which is evidence of infection. Upon seeking treatment, she is given antibiotic therapy. After a few days on antibiotics, her symptoms disappear. Case 4 — Normal sample (control) 1. What disorder does Jeff Jones probably have and why do you think it is? 2. What are the terminologies for the given conditions for Jeff Jones? A. Increased urine output: B. Increased appetite: C. Excessive thirst: 3. Why is it important to perform tests on a control urine sample not containing any chemical substances? 4. What is the name of the reagent used to detect protein in the urine? 5. What is the name of the reagent used to detect glucose in the urine?
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