85. Anti-malarial drugs are not the only means by which we may break the life cycle of Plasmodium and reduce infection rates in tropical countries. Malaria can be prevented by:
a. promoting rice growing and fish ponds
b. providing room air fresheners
c. installing water purification systems
d. eliminating Anopheles mosquito habitats
86. Artemisinin is an anti-malarial drug from traditional Chinese medicine that has been very effective in treating Plasmodium falciparum infections. Recently, there has been concern that P. falciparum may evolve resistance to artemisinin. Eliminating the threat of artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium might be possible if:
a. artemisinin were administered at low dosages to infected patients
b. artemisinin only were used to treat diagnosed cases of malaria
c. prophylactic use of artemisinin were encouraged at low dosages
d. all of the above
87. Deaths from malaria in young children are most likely a consequence of:
a. loss of red blood cells and anemia
b. internal bleeding and loss of blood pressure
c. necrosis of intestinal and bladder tissues
d. none of the above
88. The clinical symptoms of a serious Schistosomiasis infection are liver enlargement and liver tissue scarring. These symptoms are caused by:
a. cercaria in the liver
b. toxins from adults
c. eggs in the liver
d. snail toxins
89. In 2010, ten months after a major earthquake, an outbreak of cholera in Haiti caused more than 500,000 infections and approximately 7500 deaths that could have been prevented if:
a. people were not living in tents and exposed to disease vectors
b. clean drinking water or clean bottled water were available
c. freshwater snail intermediate hosts were not in the rivers
d. all of the above