9) Psychology is the scientific study of: A) mental processes but not behavior. B) behavior and mental processes. C) mental disorders and their treatments. D) behavior but not mental processes. 10) When Saifa was born with ambiguous genitalia, doctors instructed his mother to raise him as a girl. The doctors probably did this because at the time, many psychologists and medical professionals believed that: A) human behaviors were primarily shaped by environmental input. B) Saifa's mother would have an easier time raising him as a girl. C) nature would assert itself if Saifa was meant to be a boy. D) there fewer legal issues with declaring Saifa to be a girl. 11) Research with the goal of changing behaviors or outcomes is called survey research. True / False 12) A relatively enduring change in behavior or thinking resulting from experiences is known as: A) development. B) learning. C) cognition. D) perception. 13) Gestalt psychology deals with the ______ of perception. A) elements B) unconscious basis C) organization D) purpose 14) Brain waves in the waking state are characterized by the presence of ______ waves, which are tiny and rapid-fire speed. A) alpha B) beta C) theta D) delta 15) Sympathetic neurons receive information about the environment and bring it back to the brain for processing. True / False 16) A(n) ______ individual has ambiguous or inconsistent indicators of male or female in the sexual structures or organs. A) intersexual B) homosexual C) transsexual D) transgender 17) Sigmund Freud proposed that the ego defends the person against anxiety by pushing sexual and aggressive urges out and away from consciousness. These urges are ______ as a result of a defense mechanism. A) displaced B) denied C) repressed D) projected
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1. The science of human development seeks to understand ____ A) the meaning of life B) the accuracy of new theories C) the works of Freud, Piaget, and Erikson D) how and why people change over time 2. Dr. Towne believes that heredity is primarily responsible for personality traits. Dr. West believes that environmental influences are primarily responsible for personality traits. They are on different sides of the ____ debate. A) natureānurture B) intelligent designāevolution C) genesādevelopment D) traitsāconditioning 3. Between 1957 and 1961, many pregnant women took thalidomide to alleviate morning sickness; this drug disrupted a(n) ____ period of prenatal development. A) sensitive B) critical C) early D) late 4. Dr. Bloom wanted to learn whether ice cream preferences change at different stages of development. For her study, she conducted a one-time assessment in which she asked a group of 5-year-olds, a group of 15-year-olds, and a group of 30-year-olds to identify their ice cream preferences. Dr. Bloom conducted a ____ study. A) case B) cross-sectional C) longitudinal D) cross-sequential 5. The more parents read to their children, the higher their children score on achievement tests. This relationship between parents reading to their children and child achievement represents a(n) ____. A) causal relationship B) inverse correlational C) positive correlation D) negative correlation 6. ____ emphasizes unconscious drives and early experiences with respect to development, whereas ____ emphasizes learning by association, reinforcement, or observation with respect to development. A) Psychoanalytic theory; behaviorism B) Psychoanalytic theory; cognitive theory C) Behaviorism; psychoanalytic theory D) Cognitive theory; psychoanalytic theory 7. Although many of the theorists who follow Freud's psychoanalytic theory have modified and expanded his ideas, they agree on the importance of ____. A) early childhood experiences and psychosexual conflicts B) psychosexual conflicts and the unconscious C) early childhood experiences and the unconscious D) psychosexual conflicts and stages of psychosexual development
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Based on their anatomy, women must wait to be approached sexually and wait to be impregnated. According to Sigmund Freud, this explains which of women's key personality traits? A. All responses are correct B. Masochism C. Passivity D. Narcissism The following factors have been shown to contribute to a person's gender identity: A. social environment during childhood B. cultural practices C. hormones within the womb D. genetics E. All responses are correct In the early nineteenth century, women were expected to: A. be obedient to their husbands. B. never hold a thought C. None of the responses are correct D. never travel alone in public E. All responses are correct F. never express an opinion that was different from her husband's Jasper is more aggressive than his sister Maggie. This could be due to the fact that males must compete for mating partners, while females simply choose their mates. This pattern is known as: A. fitness B. parental investment C. early mother-daughter bonding, but little mother-son bonding D. sexual selection During the Electra complex, girls realize they are in love with their fathers and develop: A. boys; castration anxiety B. boys; penis envy C. girls; castration anxiety D. girls; penis envy
2) According to Freud, which of the following is an important task of the phallic stage? Identifying with the same-sex parent Toilet training Channeling the libido into a healthy adult sexual relationship Weaning 3) In order to assess her personality, Amyās psychologist watches her as she interacts with peers in a group counseling session and makes notes of the behaviors he sees. Amyās psychologist is making use of which of the following methods of assessing personality? Personality inventory Direct observation The Jung typology test Projective test 4) Which of the following health outcomes has been linked to stress? Ulcers Weakened immune system Diabetes All of the above 5) Tania experiences psychological discomfort and anxiety as a result of having a crush on her married coworker. She knows society would frown on such romantic feelings. In order to deal with her discomfort, Tania makes up excuses for her feelings. She reasons that it is not her fault if her coworker is unhappy in his marriage. By trying to justify her feelings, Tania is using which of the following defense mechanisms? Humor Rationalization Repression Fixation 6) According to Maslowās Hierarchy of Needs, what need must a person strive to meet first? Self-actualization Basic biological needs Psychological needs Transcendence 7) When Shanice learns that she is about to lose her job she deals with this stressor by emailing her resume to several companies and selling some of her used textbooks and clothes. By trying to eliminate the source of stress or reduce its impact through direct action Shanice is using ___________________. Social support Pessimism Emotion-focused coping Problem-focused coping
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