_ 's use of carbolic acid, a newly discovered disinfectant, proved remarkably effective in eliminating infections during surgery. A Elizabeth Blackwell B Joseph Hooks C Harriet Hunt D Robert Koch E Joseph Lister Continue
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Match each pioneer of epidemiology with his or her contribution. A. determined the source of a cholera outbreak in London B. showed that surgical wound infection rates could be dramatically reduced by using carbolic acid to disinfect surgical tools, bandages, and surgical sites C. compiled data on causes of mortality in soldiers, leading to innovations in military medical care D. developed a methodology for conclusively determining the etiology of disease Florence Nightingale Robert Koch Joseph Lister John Snow
R6.3. Surgery and germs Joseph Lister (for whom Listerine is named!) was a British physician who was interested in the role of bacteria in human infections. He suspected that germs were involved in transmitting infection, so he tried using carbolic acid as an operating room disinfectant. In 75 amputations, he used carbolic acid 40 times. Of the 40 amputations using carbolic acid, 34 of the patients lived. Of the 35 amputations without carbolic acid, 19 patients lived. The question of interest is whether carbolic acid is effective in increasing the chances of surviving an amputation. a) What kind of study was this? b) What do you conclude? Support your conclusion by testing an appropriate hypothesis. c) What reservations do you have about the design of the study?
Kari H.
Instructions A friend of yours just had a child. You ask when the child will get her first vaccinations. Surprisingly, the mother says she won't. You ask why and are told that the mother believes a theory that all vaccines lead to autism. You gasp. You calmly explain that the only link between vaccines and autism was made by a researcher who forged much of his data (the paper has now been retracted, the doctor has been discredited, and has lost his medical license), and that not a single study since has found the same link. Your friend was truly shocked by this high number of preventable deaths. However, she was still unconvinced that science is able to tie specific disease-causing organisms to specific diseases, thus making vaccines a conspiracy by the pharmaceutical industry to collect your money. She is convinced that many "childhood diseases" are caused by the environment and by diet choices. You know better and tell her about the pioneering work by (pick the BEST answer): 1. Robert Koch 2. Joseph Lister 3. Louis Pasteur 4. Ignaz Semmelweis
Kali G.
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