A 20-year-old female was diagnosed with a urinary tract infection and was prescribed a 10-day course of broad-spectrum antibiotics. The urinary tract infection symptoms improved but, two weeks later, she had symptoms of vaginitis. Which is the likely causative agent? Clostridium difficile Candida albicans Lactobacillus acidophilus Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus
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INFECTIOUS DISEASE CASE STUDY 19: Candidiasis Kimberly has recently suffered from a severe sinus infection for which she took a fourteen-day course of the broad-spectrum antibiotic Augmentin (a semi-synthetic antimicrobial). Shortly thereafter, she began experiencing itching of the vulva and perineum and irritation surrounding the vaginal opening. She noticed a thick, yellow, cheesy vaginal discharge with a yeast odor. Laboratory Diagnosis Commonly, this vaginitis is treated based on presenting symptoms. However, the causative agent of this and related infections can be confirmed in the laboratory. In this case, a vaginal discharge specimen was plated on blood agar and also incubated in serum. Microscopic examination of the moist white colonies isolated from the blood agar plates revealed large round to oval cells, 4-6 microns in size. Within 2-3 hours, cells incubated in serum demonstrated typical germ tube development, an important diagnostic feature. 1. What is the scientific name of the species most commonly associated with this condition (written correctly)? A) Candida albicans B) albicans C) Candida D) Candida albicans 2. What is the common name for this infection? Type answer as two words, using lowercase letters and separating each word with one space. (1 point) 3. What is the usual treatment for this condition in the United States? A) prescription steroids B) analgesics C) antibiotics D) nonprescription antifungal products 4. What, if any, association does Kimberly's present infection have with the antibiotic treatment she completed for the sinus infection? Type answer as 1 or 2 short sentences, using your own words, correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation, and explaining fully the connection between the antibiotic treatment and the current infection. 5. Another location this infection can also commonly occur is in the _____________. Type answer as 1 word using lowercase letters.
Sri K.
Higher susceptibility to sexually transmitted diseases and lower reproductive success are related to lower levels of which bacterial genus in the vag and endometrium? a. Streptococcus b. Neisseria c. Bifidobacterium d. Lactobacillus e. Saccharomyces
Md.Daniyal A.
Which of the following best describes Candida auris? (Choose any that apply) Options: - Opportunistic pathogen - Fungus - Biofilm producer - Bacteria Lymphatic vessels connecting to which of the following was recently (2016) discovered? Options: - Peyer's patches (intestines) - Brain - Lungs - Spleen Inactivated tetanus toxin is a: Options: - Conjugated vaccine - Subunit vaccine - Inactivated whole-agent vaccine - Toxoid vaccine Polio has been eradicated. True/False The last stocks of smallpox virus have recently all been destroyed. True/False Two patients received corneal transplants of the right eye on the same day, in the same facility, from the same donor. The corneas were kept in a solution of gentamicin and streptomycin, and transplantation was completed within 48 hours of tissue recovery. Both cornea recipients developed eye infections caused by Pseudomonas and were treated with gentamicin. The eye inflammations persisted. The infections were resolved after treatment was changed to penicillin G. Why didn't the first round of treatment cure the infection? Options: - Exposure to gentamicin selected for resistant strains of Pseudomonas - Gentamicin is not effective against any bacterial infections. - Gentamicin is an effective antiviral therapy only. A woman takes an antibiotic to relieve a urinary tract infection caused by Escherichia coli. The infection resolves, but in two weeks, she develops a Candida albicans infection of the vaginal tract. What conditions may have caused this to happen? Options: - The antibiotic was specific for Candida albicans. Once the woman stopped taking the antibiotic, Candida albicans was able to grow. - Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen. The woman's antibiotic therapy allowed for overgrowth of Candida in the vaginal tract.
Shaiju T.
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