A 54-year-old woman received a kidney transplant 12 years ago. Kidney function is stable, but she has developed lymphadenopathy (disease of the lymph nodes, in which they are abnormal in size or consistency). A biopsy has shown that she now has lymphoma. Which of the following is true?
Select one:
a. Lymphoma is the only tumor seen in transplant recipients.
b. The lymphoma is triggered by cytomegalovirus, a member of the herpesvirus family.
c. The immune suppression required for kidney transplantation is responsible for the lymphoma.
d. The chronic immune stimulation caused by the transplant has caused the lymphoma.
Are genetic and environmental factors involved in the development of autoimmunity. Individuals who have two defective alleles of the AIRE gene:
Select one:
a. Are unable to activate B cells.
b. Exhibit symptoms of autoimmunity at a young age.
c. Exhibit decreased predisposition to autoimmune disease.
d. Are very effective at inducing anergy of circulating autoreactive B and T cells.
______ is the term used to describe how pathogen-derived antigens resemble host antigens and can sometimes trigger autoimmune disease.
Select one:
a. Sympathetic senescence.
b. Linkage equilibrium.
c. Intermolecular epitope spreading.
d. Intramolecular epitope spreading.
e. Molecular mimicry.
HLA-DR2b is a risk factor for: ____________ (hint: Antigenic peptide from myelin basic protein (MBP), which is found in the myelin sheath surrounding the nerve cell axons, binds to HLA-DR2b)
Select one:
a. Multiple sclerosis.
b. Rheumatoid arthritis.
c. Ankylosing spondylitis.
d. Myasthenia gravis.
e. Insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes.