00:01
So this question says, mr.
00:02
K is a 57 year old male who consulted his physician after noticing marked leg pains while playing golf.
00:11
He had previously noticed increasing fatigue and discomfort in his legs associated with moderate exercise.
00:17
When sitting for extended periods with legs dangling, his legs became red and sometimes his feet felt numb.
00:26
His history indicates he smokes cigarettes and is chronically overweight.
00:31
His blood, cholesterol and other lipid levels are abnormal.
00:33
So the first question says, what is the likely diagnosis for this patient? so in this case, the patient's symptoms, including leg pain during exercise, fatigue, discomfort, redness when sitting and numbness in the feet are consistent with peripheral artery disease.
00:54
Okay.
00:55
That is also known as peripheral vascular disease.
00:57
And this is a condition where there is a buildup of plaque in the arteries that supply blood to the extremities, typically the legs, causing reduced blood flow and resulting in symptoms such as pain, cramping and numbness.
01:08
Okay.
01:09
So also this patient has some risk factors for this condition that are smoking and also being overweight.
01:16
Now, the next question says, discuss the development of his condition, including the predisposing factors in this case and the pathophysiologic changes.
01:28
So as i said before, the risk factors for this patient are going to be being overweight also and also smoking.
01:37
So in this case, the pathophysiology includes the buildup of plaque, which is made up of cholesterol, fat and other substances.
01:48
And it causes the walls of the arteries to thicken and also narrow, reducing the blood flow to the affected area because the lumen is narrow, it is obstructed practically.
01:57
Okay.
01:57
So in general, the pathophysiological changes that occur in pat involve the progressive narrowing and hardening of the arteries due to the buildup of plaque.
02:07
And as the plaque accumulates, the blood vessels lose their elasticity and ability to dilate, which impairs blood flow to the extremities.
02:16
For example, if this is the artery here and you have a plaque here, then less blood flow is going to occur through this obstructed vessel.
02:27
So less blood is going to get to the feet in this case.
02:32
So if you have less foot blood flow, then foot is going to become ischemic because blood is not getting to that region and hence it is going to cause all the symptoms that this patient is having, like pain, cramping and numbness.
02:49
Okay.
02:49
If left untreated, pa can lead to more severe complications, such as tissue damage, ulcers and even gangrene...