A cross-sectional study on the association between COVID-19 symptoms and the risk factor of smoking reported an odds ratio of 1.5 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.42 to 1.58. What is the correct interpretation of these results? Those with COVID-19 symptoms were 50% more likely to smoke compared to those without COVID-19 symptoms, and this difference was statistically significant.
Added by Matthew C.
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The odds ratio is 1.5, which means there is a 50% increased likelihood of the association between the two factors (smoking and COVID-19 symptoms). Show more…
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A randomly chosen group of 20,000 nonsmokers and one of 10,000 smokers were followed over a 10 -year period. The data of Table $5.34$ relate the numbers of them that developed lung cancer during the period. Test the hypothesis that smoking and lung cancer are independent. Use the $1 \%$ level of significance. $$ \begin{array}{l} \text { Table 5.34 Data for Problem } 5.24\\ \begin{array}{l|l|l} \hline & \text { Smokers } & \text { Nonsmokers } \\ \hline \text { Lung cancer } & 62 & 14 \\ \hline \text { No Lung cancer } & 9938 & 19986 \\ \hline \end{array} \end{array} $$
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