Question

A female patient 19 years old, whose symptoms are anemia and internal bleeding due to a massive buildup of leukemic white blood cells, is diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Karyotype analysis shows that the leukemic cells of this patient are heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 9 and $22 .$ However, none of the normal, nonleukemic cells of this patient contain the translocation. Which of the following statements is true and which is false? a. The translocation results in the inactivation (loss of function) of a tumor-suppressor gene. b. The translocation results in the inactivation (loss of function) of an oncogene. c. There is a $50 \%$ chance that any child of this patient will have CML. d. This patient is a somatic mosaic in terms of the karyotype. e. DNA extracted from leukemic cells of this patient, if taken up by normal mouse tissue culture cells, could potentially transform the mouse cells into cells capable of causing tumors. f. The normal function of the affected tumor-suppressor gene or proto-oncogene at the translocation breakpoint could potentially block the function of the cyclin proteins that drive the cell cycle forward. g. Two rare events must have occurred to disrupt both copies of the tumor-suppressor gene or proto-oncogene at the translocation breakpoint in the leukemic cells. h. A possible treatment of the leukemia would involve a drug that would turn on the expression of the tumor-suppressor gene or oncogene at the translocation breakpoint in the leukemic cells.

          A female patient 19 years old, whose symptoms are anemia and internal bleeding due to a massive buildup of leukemic white blood cells, is diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Karyotype analysis shows that the leukemic cells of this patient are heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 9 and $22 .$ However, none of the normal, nonleukemic cells of this patient contain the translocation. Which of the following statements is true and which is false?
a. The translocation results in the inactivation (loss of function) of a tumor-suppressor gene.
b. The translocation results in the inactivation (loss of function) of an oncogene.
c. There is a $50 \%$ chance that any child of this patient will have CML.
d. This patient is a somatic mosaic in terms of the karyotype.
e. DNA extracted from leukemic cells of this patient, if taken up by normal mouse tissue culture cells, could potentially transform the mouse cells into cells capable of causing tumors.
f. The normal function of the affected tumor-suppressor gene or proto-oncogene at the translocation breakpoint could potentially block the function of the cyclin proteins that drive the cell cycle forward.
g. Two rare events must have occurred to disrupt both copies of the tumor-suppressor gene or proto-oncogene at the translocation breakpoint in the leukemic cells.
h. A possible treatment of the leukemia would involve a drug that would turn on the expression of the tumor-suppressor gene or oncogene at the translocation breakpoint in the leukemic cells.

Added by Elizabeth P.

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