(a) Let p be a prime. Prove that if the integers a, b satisfy a ≡ b mod p then a^p ≡ b^p mod p2. (b) Let Give an example of an even positive integer n and an integer a such that a^n!≡ a mod n. By the Little Fermat Theorem we must have n > 2.
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Prove the following corollaries to Fermat's Little Theorem: (a) If p is a prime, then a^p ≡ a (mod p) for any integer a. (Note: This requires cases.) (b) If p, q are distinct primes with a^p ≡ a (mod q) and a^q ≡ a (mod p), then a^{pq} ≡ a (mod pq).
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