A loss of normal sympathetic nervous system tone causes: neurogenic shock. obstructive shock. profound vasoconstriction. a reduced absolute blood volume.
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2.) A prolonged reduction in blood pressure due to massive loss of blood can lead to "hemorrhagic shock" in which the decreased blood volume lowers mean systemic pressure, venous return and thus, cardiac output. Consequently, arterial blood pressure is also decreased, leading to decreased coronary blood flow, reduction in myocardial oxygenation, loss in the pumping ability of the heart, and therefore, further reduction in cardiac output. The decreased cardiac output also leads to decreased oxygenation of the peripheral tissues, which can increase capillary permeability, thereby allowing fluid to be lost from the blood to the extravascular spaces. This produces further loss of blood volume and mean systemic pressure, and therefore, further reduction in cardiac output.
Adi S.
1. One compensatory mechanism for gram negative shock is A. decrease heart rate B. a negative inotropic effect C. generalized vasodilation D. increased heart rate E. none of the above 2. The vasoconstrictor center functions primarily through the A. somatic nervous system B. sympathetic nervous system C. parasympathetic nervous system D. thyroid gland E. None of the above 3. The major factor affecting total peripheral resistance is A. the viscosity B. the length of vessels C. the radius D. the blood volume E. None of the above
Marlyn J.
Patient Z suffers a significant cut, losing more than a liter of blood, and causing an immediate drop in blood pressure. Describe how the heart responds to bring blood pressure back to normal? Describe the negative feedback reflex and neuroendocrine control system that causes this cardiac response to the blood loss. How does the vasculature respond to blood loss to help restore blood pressure? What hormones and neuroendocrine output increase or decrease to cause these responses of the vasculature? If blood pressure drops by 20% and cardiac output doesn't change, how much does total peripheral resistance need to change (and in what direction) to restore blood pressure? In shock, the negative feedback pathways are not able to keep blood pressure sufficiently high, leading to positive feedback patterns that can lead to death. Describe and explain the positive feedback effects of shock on the heart.
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