A researcher is evaluating whether or not metformin will better reduce the risk of diabetes in older adults with obesity in comparison to diet and exercise alone. Please write a research question and Please state the null hypothesis A researcher is evaluating whether or not the high dose flu vaccine will better prevent the flu among older patients (>65 yo) than the standard dose shot. She recruits 100 people over the age of 65 and provides them with the high dose vaccine at the beginning of the season. She prospectively follows these patients for the flu season and observes the number of individuals who acquire the flu. Independent variable? Dependent variable? Two confounding variables? Label all variables for the HD Flu Vaccine Study as either nominal, ordinal, interval or ratio. Variable Relative Risk Reduction 95% CI p-value High Dose versus Standard Dose Flu Vaccination 24.2% 9.7-36.5% 0.025 Patients receiving the HD vaccine had a 24.2% reduction in their risk of getting influenza relative to SD vaccine recipients, p = 0.025 Are the findings statistically significant? What is the probability that a Type 1 error was committed?
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Research question: Will high dose flu vaccine better prevent the flu among older patients (>65yo) than the standard dose shot? Show more…
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Madhur L.
A clinical trial is being conducted in order to determine the efficacy of a new drug that will be used to treat type II diabetes. The efficacy of the medication will be determined by the blood glucose readings obtained from the patients. If the researcher wants a margin of error less than or equal to 5 mg/dL and the standard deviation for blood glucose readings among type II diabetics was previous documented as 15 mg/dL, how many patients should be recruited for each group of individuals in the study assuming a 95% confidence interval will be used to quantify the mean difference in blood glucose scores between the control group and the treatment group? nfor the treatment group = 32 and n for the control group = 13 nfor the treatment group = 33 and n for the control group = 33 nfor the treatment group = 70 and n for the control group = 70 nfor the treatment group = 1729 and n for the control group = 1729
Bryan K.
3. A study was conducted to determine if taking vitamin C reduces the occurrence of the flu. The study was conducted using 808 student volunteers who did not take a flu shot. The subjects were randomly assigned to one of two groups: a treatment group who received 1,000 milligrams of vitamin C daily or a control group who received a placebo flavored to taste like the vitamin C treatment. All participants were monitored to ensure that they adhered to their assigned treatment on a daily basis throughout the period of the study. At the end of the flu season, each subject's medical record was reviewed by a physician to determine whether he or she had contracted the flu during the period of the study. The physician did not know which treatment each subject received. The results of the study are shown in the table below. | | Flu | No Flu | Total | | :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Placebo | 331 | 74 | 405 | | Vitamin C | 302 | 101 | 403 | | Total | 633 | 175 | 808 | a) Is this study an experiment or an observational study? Explain your answer. b) If a student volunteer is selected at random from those students in the study, what is the probability that they contracted the flu? c) Given that a student took Vitamin C, what is the probability that they contracted the flu? d) Based upon your answers in part b & c, are "contracting the flu" and "taking Vitamin C" independent of each other? Explain. e) A health expert believes that Vitamin C reduces the occurrence of the flu in the population of students who would volunteer for such a study. State the name of the significance test and the null and alternative hypothesis that the health expert could have used to assess his claim. f) Assume that the conditions for running this test are met, the test resulted in a p value= 0.0096. Based upon the p value, what conclusion should the health expert make? Explain.
Sri K.
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