A species of animal is moved from a warm to a cold environment and their body temperature is measured over time. A homeotherm would be expected to: display a loss of heat to the environment until Tb was close to Ta absorb heat from the environment such that Tb increased over time and exceeds Ta maintain a relatively stable Tb
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Step 1: The question asks what would be expected of a homeotherm (an animal that maintains a relatively stable body temperature) when moved from a warm to a cold environment. Show more…
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The body temperatures of ectothermic animals are mostly determined by the outside environment, whereas endotherms rely on heat generated inside their bodies to regulate temperature. Most ectotherms do regulate their body temperatures to some extent. For example, an ectothermic animal, such as a lizard, may move to a sunny spot to warm up or to a shady spot to cool down. Endotherms can maintain a stable internal body temperature even as outside conditions vary. Arctic foxes and polar bears, for example, maintain their body temperatures at about 38°C even as the air temperature dips down to -40°C. Ectotherms, on the other hand, cannot maintain stable internal body temperatures and generally cannot remain active across a wide range of external conditions. They are however, better able to withstand wider internal fluctuations than endotherms. A freshwater bass fish, which is an ectotherm, can survive internal temperatures ranging from near 0°C to 35°C. An endothermic human could die if the person's internal temperature rises or drops outside a 5°C range (from about 35°C to 40°C). 2. Write definitions for "endothermic" and "ectothermic" using your own words. List four examples of animals that would fit into each category. How do endotherms maintain a relatively constant body temperature in different environments? They use the energy produced by breaking down food. Food is broken down by cellular respiration to produce energy in the form of ATP that is then used for all types of biological work, such as growing new tissues, locomotion, and reproduction. In the process of doing work, some of the chemical energy in food is converted into heat. Endotherms can also contract muscle fibers rapidly when shivering to generate extra heat when they are cold. Making a lot of heat, plus insulating fur and feathers (or clothes), allow endotherms to keep warm in cold environments. The process by which cells use energy to do biological work is called metabolism. The rate at which animals transform chemical energy in food and release heat is the metabolic rate, which is measured in joules or calories per second. To keep a constant body temperature, endotherms generally have higher metabolic rates than ectotherms. At similar masses, the metabolic rates of endotherms at rest (their "resting metabolic rates") tend to be 5-20 times higher than those of ectotherms. 3. A major scientific principle is that energy is neither created nor destroyed, but it can be transferred or transformed. Summarize some of the transformations of energy described in the two paragraphs above.
Dominador T.
In winter, some birds stand on frozen ponds and lakes. How do they prevent their feet from freezing while simultaneously preventing excessive heat loss? a. By selective shivering b. By allowing their feet to cool below core temperature but remain above freezing c. By alternately standing on one foot and then the other d. By metabolizing brown adipose tissue in their lower legs and feet 2. In a very hot environment, the benefit of hyperthermia is that it a. reduces heat gain, although it does not save water. b. maintains the lipid structure in the skin that prevents dehydration. c. saves water and reduces heat gain. d. saves water, but does not reduce heat gain. 3. Enzyme–substrate affinity a. does not vary with temperature. b. generally decreases with temperature. c. increases with temperature in eurythermal species but decreases with temperature in stenothermal species. d. generally increases with temperature. 4. At any given temperature, LDH–substrate affinity varies across species of poikilotherms; at the temperatures at which these species typically live in nature, LDH–substrate affinity varies across species. a. is similar; varies b. varies; varies c. is similar; is similar d. varies; is similar 5. Antarctic fur seals live in cold water, thermoregulate, and maintain elevated core body temperatures. Manatees, another marine mammal, live in warm water, thermoregulate, and maintain elevated core body temperatures. Based on general principles, one would predict that for Antarctic fur seals, the effect of temperature on enzyme–substrate activity would be similar to that of stenothermal cold-water fish, and for manatees it would be similar to that of eurythermal warm-water fish.
Madhur L.
Homeothermic endotherms are animals that can maintain a constant internal body temperature even when the external temperature fluctuates. Heterothermic ectotherms are animals that cannot adjust their internal body temperature (although they can change their behavior, for example by moving into shade or sun in order to minimize temperature changes). (a) Are your observations of the respiration rate in goldfish consistent with homeothermic endothermy or heterothermic ectothermy? Explain. (1 point) (b) Most mammals are homeothermic endotherms. If you measure the respiration rate of a mouse as you decrease the temperature from 22°C to 4°C, what would you observe? (1 pt)
Adi S.
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