A Zo-year-oiumain with a mistory ornypercnoiestemenima goestornis yeany check up to a local clinic. Upon physical examination, the patient revealed the presence of xanthomas (lipid deposition at tendons). His physician orders a series of routine blood tests. His blood lipid profile, taken under fasting conditions, revealed an unusual pattern including extremely high levels of chylomicron remnants. A deficiency in which of the following is the most likely cause for patient's hyperlipidemia? Answers A-E A Pancreatic lipase B Apo E receptor C Apo C D Apo B48 E Lipoprotein lipase
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The patient has xanthomas, which are indicative of lipid deposition, and the blood lipid profile shows extremely high levels of chylomicron remnants. This suggests a problem with lipid metabolism. Show more…
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A 45-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 30 minutes after the sudden onset of crushing chest pain. His father, maternal aunt, and paternal uncle all died of myocardial infarctions under the age of 50 years. Physical examination shows tendinous xanthomas on the hands and thickened Achilles tendons. Serum lipid studies show a total cholesterol concentration of 410 mg/dL, HDL-cholesterol concentration of 30 mg/dL, and triglyceride concentration of 140 mg/dL. The diagnosis of myocardial infarction is made. This patient most likely has a deficiency of which of the following? O A. Apo B48 O B. Apo C • C. HMG-Co reductase activity O D. LDL receptor © E. Lipoprotein lipase activity
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A young girl with a history of severe abdominal pain was taken to her local hospital at 5 a.m. in severe distress. Blood was drawn, and the plasma appeared milky, with the triacylglycerol level in excess of 2,000 mg/dl (normal = 4-150 mg/dl). The patient was placed on a diet severely limited in fat but supplemented with medium-chain fatty acids. 1) Which of the following lipoprotein particles is most likely responsible for the appearance of the patient's plasma? a. Very-low-density lipoproteins b. Intermediate-density lipoproteins c. Very-low-density lipoproteins d. High-density lipoproteins e. Chylomicrons 2) Medium-chain fatty acids are given because they: a. Can be converted into a variety of gluconeogenic precursors. b. Are activators of lipoprotein lipase. c. Stimulate VLDL production by the liver. d. Are more efficiently packed into serum lipoproteins. e. Enter directly into the portal blood and can be metabolized by the liver.
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CASE STUDY - LIPID PROFILE A37-year old man Lecturer at Accra Technical University consulted an optician to obtain a prescription for reading glasses. The optician noticed that the patient had bilateral arcussenilis and recommended that he consulted his GP. The GP found that he also had tendon xanthomata arising from the Achilles tendons. Blood pressure was normal; he was a non-smoker and not overweight. His father had died of a heart attack at the age of 41. An ECG taken at rest was normal but ischemic changes developed on exercise. Analysis of fasting blood for lipids showed the following Investigation Serum: Cholesterol------------13.3mmmol/l Triglycerides------------1.4mmol/l HDL cholesterol------------1.2mmol/l Estimate a. LDL concentration b. VLDL c. Coronary risk index d. Castelli index I & II e. Artherosclerotic index f. Atherogenic index
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