00:01
So in this question, we are exploring the mechanism of dna replication.
00:07
Obviously, you have your experiment laid out.
00:09
I'm just going to be using drawings and schematics to go ahead and explain it down here on the whiteboard.
00:16
So obviously, we know that dna itself is a double helix.
00:21
Oops, i hope the pen here.
00:24
So it's going to look something like this.
00:28
So to start the process of dna replication, the first thing we have to do is unwind this dna and take it out of its double helix form.
00:38
So what i'm about to draw, i'm actually going to draw it already in the replication fork, so the dna is starting to open.
00:45
So it's going to look something like this.
00:54
So i'll draw just a few nucleotides here to show, obviously, down here, we're just going to have your normal kind of base pairing.
01:09
And right here, where it's opening, this is going to be a replication form.
01:13
And there are several important enzymes that come into play here.
01:23
One is known as tobol isomerase, and that's going to hang out kind of downstream from the replication fork.
01:29
And the purpose of this enzyme is to prevent the supercoiling of dna.
01:35
So pretty much it keeps the dna stable, so it can unwind better.
01:40
So the next enzyme is going to be the enzyme helicase.
01:44
And this one is very crucial in the process of dna replication.
01:48
I'm going to draw it here because this is the enzyme that is responsible for unzipping the dna itself.
01:58
Just another kind of added enzyme protein i'm going to throw in here.
02:02
You have one kind of over here also.
02:04
These are known as single -stranded binding proteins.
02:09
And these pretty much just help keep the dna replication for opening.
02:12
So dna replication can occur more efficiently.
02:16
Something else i forgot to note is that obviously we know dna is anti -parallel so that means while one strand is running 5 prime 2 -3 prime the other one is running that just in the opposite direction and this is important as a new dna nucleotides can only be laid down on a free 3 -prime end so that's going to control the direction of dna replication as our replication fork moves downstream so i'm going to start up here.
02:45
And before any dna nucleotides can be laid down, like i said, they have to have a three -free, three -prime end to attach to.
02:53
So they need something to kind of get started and attach themselves onto.
02:57
So first we have an rna primer that's going to be laid down.
03:00
And this is laid down by the enzyme rna polymeries.
03:05
And from here, then the dna nucleotides can start hooking on.
03:09
And they are going to do that with the help of.
03:11
Dna polymerase.
03:15
And they're going to continue to get added.
03:18
And even as helicase moves down on the replication fork, the replication fork is going to move this way.
03:25
On this strand, the nucleotizer is going to be continued to be laid down.
03:31
So this strand is adding, obviously, five prime to three prime end...