Abnormalities in testosterone signaling can have very noticeable effects. Specifically, both prostate cancer (characterized by uncontrolled division of prostate gland cells) and mild androgen insensitivity syndrome (characterized by many symptoms including impaired prostate development) are conditions that can result from mutations that affect the activity of the testosterone receptor. Which of the following is the most likely cause of prostate cancer? O Heightened responsiveness of target cells to testosterone Reduced secretion of LH by the anterior pituitary Lack of responsiveness of target cells to testosterone Take another look at the three possible answer choices to the previous question. Which of these is an example of secondary hyposecretion of testosterone?
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Essentially, all cases of Prostate Cancer are driven by the overactivated Androgen Receptor (AR) signaling. Which one scenario will not indicate that this is the case? A. Mutated AR requires 10 times higher affinity to androgens. B. Androgen receptor response element is mutated in a patient with prostate cancer. C. Mutated AR is inappropriately activated by stress hormones. D. AR is overexpressed in prostate tissue.
Adi S.
Testosterone is a hydrophobic (lipophilic) hormone involved in the regulation of many male characteristics. It acts in multiple tissues resulting in a variety of effects in each tissue, such as facial hair growth, muscle mass, and sperm production in the testes. Which of the following does not explain why this hormone can have such varied effects in these many tissues? Testosterone can activate receptors in multiple tissues. It can easily diffuse in plasma (mostly water) and reach most any tissue. In each cell, the effect depends on the receptor that is activated and its signaling pathway. It can cross the plasma membrane and activate gene expression of specific genes.
Sana M.
Some actions of androgens are mediated by dihydrotestosterone, which is formed by the reduction of testosterone. This finishing touch is catalyzed by an NADPH-dependent $5 \alpha \text { -reductase (p. } 793)$ Chromosomal XY males with a genetic deficiency of this reductase are born with a male internal urogenital tract but predominantly female external genitalia. These people are usually reared as girls. At puberty, they masculinize because the testosterone level rises. The testes of these reductasedeficient men are normal, whereas their prostate glands remain small. How might this information be used to design a drug to treat benign prostatic hypertrophy, a common consequence of the normal aging process in men? A majority of men older than age 55 have some degree of prostatic enlargement, which often leads to urinary obstruction.
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