According to the analysis of the British economist John Maynard Keynes:
1) markets coordinate supply and demand so that a policy of laissez-faire would prevent recessions.
2) supply creates its own demand through the circular flow of economic activity.
3) government demand could be used to smooth fluctuations in aggregate output and income.
4) economic fluctuations were the cumulative result of mistakes made by businesses and households in an uncertain world.