According to the central dogma, double-stranded DNA serves as the template for the production of RNA during transcription. Which of the two DNA strands serves as the template for transcription? Either DNA strand may be used as a template by RNA polymerase, but a single DNA strand oriented in the 3'-5' direction is used as a template each time transcription occurs. The DNA strand oriented in the 5'-3' direction is the only template because only this strand contains the polymerase binding sequences necessary to initiate transcription. Both DNA strands serve as templates simultaneously for RNA polymerase, with continuous transcription on the leading strand and discontinuous transcription on the lagging strand. The DNA strand oriented in the 5'-3' direction is the only template because RNA polymerase synthesizes only in the 5'-3' direction.
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The diagram below shows a section of double-stranded DNA undergoing both transcription and replication: RNA polymerase (gray oval) is bound to the transcriptional template strand and moving from left to right (arrow). The resulting RNA transcript is also shown (dotted line) with limited base pairing to the template strand. The DNA sequence is specified for a portion of the double-stranded DNA: ATGC TACG RNA transcription DNA replication a. Indicate whether point C is a 5' end or a 3' end of a nucleic acid. b. Indicate which strand (upper or lower) is the template for lagging strand synthesis. c. Indicate the nucleotide sequence of the RNA that was transcribed from the DNA region specified by the sequence. Label the 5' and 3' ends of this sequence.
Jenny W.
21. During transcription of a particular gene, the RNA polymerase will transcribe: both strands, but only one of RNA molecule will be used only one of the DNA strands, moving in a 3' to 5' direction along the template. only the exons of the gene while skipping over the introns. both strands, but moving 3' to 5' for one and 5' to 3' along the other 22. If a poly-A tail is present on a RNA molecule, one may deduce the following: this is a rRNA molecule. the transcript should be immediately degraded. there are exons present that must be removed. this RNA molecule does not contain introns. None of the options given is correct. 23. In the sequence 5'-AGGCCT-3', an available triphosphate group would be found at the nucleotide labeled "T." false true 24. Complete the table by inserting the appropriate nucleotides and/or amino acids. DNA Top Strand: 25. Electrons in the valence shell are ________ the atomic nucleus and have the ________ energy. closest to; least farthest from; least closest to; most farthest from; most
Jonathan T.
Synthetic RNA molecules of defined sequence were instrumental in deciphering the genetic code. Their synthesis first required the synthesis of DNA molecules to serve as templates. Har Gobind Khorana synthesized, by organic-chemical methods, two complementary deoxyribonucleotides, each with nine residues: $\mathrm{d}(\mathrm{TAC})_{3}$ and $\mathrm{d}(\mathrm{GTA})_{3} .$ Partly overlapping duplexes that formed on mixing these oligonucleotides then served as templates for the synthesis by DNA polymerase of long, repeating double-helical DNA strands. The next step was to obtain long polyribonucleotide chains with a sequence complementary to only one of the two DNA strands. How did Khorana obtain only poly(UAC)? Only poly(GUA)?
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