Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) is an important enzyme involved in lipid synthesis. Describe the pathway and explain in detail what role it plays in lipid synthesis and what's the consequence of the phosphorylation of the enzyme.
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The pathway can be described as follows: Show more…
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Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is the principal regulation point in the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Some of the properties of the enzyme are described below. (a) Addition of citrate or isocitrate raises the $V_{\max }$ of the enzyme as much as 10 -fold. (b) The enzyme exists in two interconvertible forms that differ markedly in their activities: $$\text { Protomer (Inactive) } \rightleftharpoons \text { filamentouspolymer (active)}$$ Citrate and isocitrate bind preferentially to the filamentous form, and palmitoyl-CoA binds preferentially to the protomer. Explain how these properties are consistent with the regulatory role of acetyl-CoA carboxylase in the biosynthesis of fatty acids.
1. Describe the reaction that generates acetyl-CoA from pyruvate 2. Describe the importance of the thioester bond that forms with Coenzyme A 3. Determine the total number of electron carriers and ATP (as GTP) that is generated with one turn of the CAC. 4. Determine the total number of electron carriers and ATP molecules produced from the beginning of glycolysis through one turn of the CAC. 5. Describe what makes the citric acid cycle a "cycle" 6. Explain how carbon dioxide is released from the CAC 7. Describe the beta-oxidation of fatty acids and explain why this occurs in the mitochondria and not the cytoplasm 7. Explain the following: "Acetyl-CoA represents a common entry point for the breakdown of fatty acids and protein". 8. Explain why irreversible steps of glycolysis are important points of regulation
Adi S.
How is acetyl CoA formed? What is the significance of acetyl CoA?
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