9. Aerobic respiration is more efficient than anaerobic respiration because ... a) most animals have to breathe air. b) only bacteria and yeast use anaerobic respiration. c) more ATP is ultimately made available per molecule of glucose metabolized. d) the blood usually carries sufficient oxygen to the cells. e) aerobic respiration allows fast oxidation during exercise. 10. The first step in the breakdown of glucose during glycolysis is ... a) removal of a molecule of water b) addition of a hydrogen ion c) removal of an atom of oxygen d) addition of a phosphate group e) addition of an atom of oxygen 11. The oxygen released during photosynthesis comes from the breakdown of ... a) water b) glucose c) PGAL d) carbon dioxide e) all of the above 12. The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis use ________ and ________ to power the fixation of carbon. a) ATP & NADP b) ATP & NADPH c) ATP & NAD+ d) ATP & NADH e) ADP & phosphate 13. Which statement is not characteristic of the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis? a) It occurs in the thylakoids of the chloroplasts. b) Reduction takes place. c) Physical energy is converted to chemical energy. d) Carbon fixation occurs. 14. A segment of DNA is replicated. If the original segment reads 5'-CGATTC-3', the new segment will read ... a) 5'-CGATTC-3' b) 5'-GCUAAG-3' c) 5'-ATCGGA-3' d) 5'-GCTAAG-3' e) 5'-GAATCG-3' 15. During the cloning of a gene ... a) genes are cut with restriction enzymes, and inserted into bacterial plasmids. b) holes are created in the bacterial cells. c) colour markers or antibiotic resistance genes are attached to the gene. d) b, and c only 16. Restriction enzymes ... a) cut DNA at specific base sequences. b) proof-read DNA during replication. c) punch holes in the bacterial cell membrane. d) join plasmids to chromosomes. 17. DNA polymerase ... a) unwinds the double helix during DNA replication. b) untangles snarls in the new DNA strands. c) catalyses the synthesis of a new DNA strand and proof-reads the strand. d) performs excision repair in RNA. e) prevents twisting and knotting of the old DNA strand.
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Which of the following statements regarding the Watson-Crick model of DNA is false? It is the most common biological form of DNA. The two DNA strands form a left-handed helix. The two DNA strands are antiparallel. The bases are "stacked" in the center of the molecule. The backbone consists of alternating sugars and phosphates. Circular DNA molecules found in nature are positively supercoiled, negatively supercoiled, not supercoiled, due to their small size, always oriented in a triple helix to conserve space, always in the Z-DNA formation. In practice, the unit of length used for DNA is the kilobase pair, which corresponds to 10 base pairs, 100 base pairs, 1000 base pairs, 1,000,000 base pairs. The melting temperature (Tm) of DNA is: A) the temperature at which half the bases in a double-stranded DNA sample have denatured. B) the temperature at which half the bases in a single-stranded DNA sample have renatured. C) the temperature at which half the phosphodiester bonds in a double-stranded DNA sample have broken. D) the temperature at which all the bases in a double-stranded DNA sample have denatured. Which of the following statements is true regarding mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes? They contain mostly interspersed and tandemly repeated DNA. They are able to replicate independently of the nuclear DNA. They contain all the genes necessary for aerobic respiration. They are degenerate bacterial genomes that don't contain important protein-coding genes. They only encode for ribosomal and transfer RNAs.
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29. The top diagram is of a transcription. Select DNA template used in transcription of mRNA. a) strand A c) both A and B are templates b) strand B d) neither A nor B 30. DNA polymerase unlike RNA polymerase a) catalyzes formation of phosphodiester bonds b) uses deoxyribonucleotides c) catalyzes synthesis of a new DNA strand in 5' - 3' direction d) B and C e) A, B and C 31. The strain of E. coli is resistant to antibiotic tetracycline. The resistance gene is on E. coli's plasmid. Assume that tetracycline resistant E. coli was mixed with Staphylococcus aureus. The mixed population continues growing and reaches stationary phase. Is it possible that S. aureus develops resistance to tetracycline? a) Yes, but only if mutation occurs in S. aureus transport mechanism gene. b) Yes. S. aureus cells could become transformed with E. coli plasmids. c) Yes. S. aureus cells could obtain E. coli plasmid through conjugation. d) No, because they are different bacterial species. 32. Transcription is the process that in bacterial cells creates a) RNA molecules b) proteins c) enzymes d) B and C 33. During DNA replication single nucleotide got deleted. The nucleotide was within the second codon of a gene that encodes an enzyme. What will the consequence of the deletion of a single nucleotide on gene expression be? a) Encoded enzyme will have one less amino acid b) Encoded enzyme will have amino acid sequence that differs from the un-mutated, but will maintain the properties of an enzyme. c) The protein product will have different amino acid sequence and will not act as an enzyme d) Encoded enzyme will differ from un-mutated version in one amino acid only 34. Bacterial virus, bacteriophage, is essential for a) bacterial transformation process c) bacterial transduction b) bacterial conjugation d) bacterial replication 35. Streptococcus pyogenes is β hemolytic microorganism. When grown on sheep blood agar plate the colonies of this microorganism a) form cloudy, olive green zone around each colony b) excrete hemolysins c) do not create distinct zone around colony d) A and B e) B and C
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38. Translation is a process that (a) requires DNA ligase (b) converts RNA to DNA (c) is semi-conservative (d) requires tRNA, mRNA and ribosomes (e) produces a polysacharride 39. What is the order of the anticodon sequence if given the following DNA sequence (AGATTTCGCCCCAAA)? (a)UCUAAAGCGGGGUUU (b) TCTAAAGCGGGGTTT (c)AGATTTCGCCCCAAA (d) TCTUUUGCGGGTTT (e) AGAUUUCGCCCCAAA 40. The mating of F+ strains with F- strains can result in (a) the transfer of antibiotic resistant genes (b) the immediate production of a Hfr strain (c) transferring genes needed for conjugation and transfer to the recipient (d) integration of genes into the donor (e) the production of a capsule 41. Exonucleases are needed to (a) cut out RNA (b) needed for excision repair (c) photoreactivation (d) breakdown DNA-RNA strands (e) none of the above TRUE OR FALSE (2 pts) Mark A for True and B for False 42. Replica plating is a method for direct selection 43. RNA is a double stranded molecule in the case of tRNA. 44. Intercalating agents cause mismatch mutation only on the 5'-3' DNA strand. 45. Plasmids can replicate independently from the bacterial chromosome. 46. DNA polymerase 3and- synthesizes from a 5'-3' direction continuously on the leading strand. 47. Transposon are examples of a mobile gene pool. 48. In the process of transcription, the DNA(+) strand is needed to make mRNA. 49. The enzyme DNA helicase is needed to make a replication fork. 50. The terminator sequence stops the process of translation.
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