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Activity 30.1 Correlating Nephron Structure with Urine Production Each kidney contains more than 1 million nephrons, the microscopic renal tubules in which urine is produced. Urine production in the nephrons involves three processes: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. A Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle (glomerulus and glomerular capsule). 1 Identify a renal corpuscle on a nephron model. Capsular space Glomerulus 2 During the filtration process, water and small dissolved molecules move from the glomerular capillaries to the capsular space (lumen of the glomerular capsule). The resulting fluid, called filtrate, has the same concentration of small dissolved substances as blood, but normally lacks blood cells and large plasma proteins. It contains mostly water along with excess ions (mostly sodium and potassium), glucose, amino acids, and nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) metabolic waste products. Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP) Filtrate in capsular space Plasma proteins Glomerular capsule Solutes Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) 50 25 15 10 mm Hg Net filtration pressure (NFP) Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CsHP) 3 Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries (glomerular hydrostatic pressure or GHP) forces fluid to move into the capsular space. The blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) and the capsular hydrostatic pressure (CsHP) force fluid back into the glomerular capillaries and thus oppose the glomerular hydrostatic pressure. 4 The net filtration pressure (NFP) is the force that moves fluid across the glomerular capillaries. We can calculate it using the following equation: NFP = GHP - (BCOP + CsHP) Under normal conditions, GHP > BCOP + CsHP; thus, NFP will move fluid into the capsular space to become the filtrate. 5 How will NFP be affected if GHP increases? 6 How will NFP be affected if plasma protein concentration increases in the glomerular capillary blood?

Activity 30.1
Correlating Nephron Structure with Urine Production
Each kidney contains more than 1 million nephrons, the microscopic renal tubules in which urine is produced. Urine production in the nephrons involves three processes: filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
A Filtration occurs in the renal corpuscle (glomerulus and glomerular capsule).
1 Identify a renal corpuscle on a nephron model.
Capsular space
Glomerulus
2 During the filtration process, water and small dissolved molecules move from the glomerular capillaries to the capsular space (lumen of the glomerular capsule). The resulting fluid, called filtrate, has the same concentration of small dissolved substances as blood, but normally lacks blood cells and large plasma proteins. It contains mostly water along with excess ions (mostly sodium and potassium), glucose, amino acids, and nitrogenous (nitrogen-containing) metabolic waste products.
Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
Filtrate in capsular space
Plasma proteins
Glomerular capsule
Solutes
Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)
50 25 15
10 mm Hg
Net filtration pressure (NFP)
Capsular hydrostatic pressure (CsHP)
3 Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries (glomerular hydrostatic pressure or GHP) forces fluid to move into the capsular space. The blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) and the capsular hydrostatic pressure (CsHP) force fluid back into the glomerular capillaries and thus oppose the glomerular hydrostatic pressure.
4 The net filtration pressure (NFP) is the force that moves fluid across the glomerular capillaries. We can calculate it using the following equation:
NFP = GHP - (BCOP + CsHP)
Under normal conditions, GHP > BCOP + CsHP; thus, NFP will move fluid into the capsular space to become the filtrate.
5 How will NFP be affected if GHP increases?
6 How will NFP be affected if plasma protein concentration increases in the glomerular capillary blood?

Added by Shawn K.

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