All of the following statements about the basal ganglia are correct EXCEPT: a. Parkinson's disease results from damage to the nigrostriatal pathway. b. The net effect of excitation of the direct pathway is to inhibit cortex. c. The basal ganglia have both motor and cognitive functions. d. The subthalamic nucleus is the origin of the only purely excitatory pathway within the basal ganglia intrinsic circuitry. e. The striatopallidal pathway is GABAergic.
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Which of the following best reflects the role of basal ganglia in executive control of behavior or is correct about its anatomy? a. It is important for forming behaviorally relevant associations between novel objects and mental imagery of those associations. b. Its involvement in reward-based learning is differentiable from that of the PFC. c. It projects directly to the OFC and indirectly to the PFC. d. It receives extensive inputs from the thalamus and projects directly to the frontal lobes. e. It is commonly related to disorders such as ataxia and abulia.
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Which of the following describes the disinhibition in the direct pathway of the basal ganglia? A) Subthalamic nucleus inhibits internal segment of the globus pallidus which disinhibits substantia nigra B) Substantia nigra inhibits striatum which disinhibits the subthalamic nucleus C) Striatum inhibits internal segment of the globus pallidus which disinhibits thalamus D) Striatum inhibits external segment of the globus pallidus which disinhibits thalamus
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