How is periodontal disease (PD) a risk factor for chronic kidney disease? PD is a bacterial infection of the oral cavity causing GI inflammation, electrolyte malabsorption and imbalance leading to CKD PD is an autoimmune disease of the gum resulting from autoantibodies attacking both the epithelial lining of the gum and epithelial cells of the nephrons' tubules leading to CKD PD is a bacterial infection where the periodontal pathogens adhere and invade the blood stream and proliferate in blood vessel endothelial cells leading to atheroma formation, cardiovascular disease and consecutive CKD All of the above Clear my selection
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