An effector molecule binds to an activator protein, changing the activator's conformation so that it is inactive. Then, transcription of the respective genes is stopped. Is this positive or negative regulation? Additionally, can you determine if recruitment, allostery, or looping are involved? Explain.
In eukaryotes, most genes are normally turned off, and RNA polymerase needs activation to function. In bacteria, RNA polymerase can transcribe most genes when inhibitors are absent. Suggest two reasons for this difference.