An example of PAMP is A. Lysozyme B. LPS C. TGFb D. TNF alpha
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These are specific molecules on pathogens (such as LPS, peptidoglycan, flagellin) that are recognized by white blood cell toll like receptors: Select one: a. pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) b. normal microbiota c. toll like receptors d. cytokines e. sebum
Suman K.
Which of the following pathogen components would be least likely to be a Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMP) that activates the innate immune system? Select one: a. Peptidoglycan, a key structural component of the cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria b. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a structural part of Gram-negative bacterial outer membranes c. Flagellin, the major protein of the flagellum that helps some bacterial species to be able to move and invade tissues d. Double-stranded viral RNA, a form of RNA that is produced by many viruses during their replication e. Neuraminidase, a highly mutatable enzyme that enables influenza virions to be released from infected cells and which is used in most flu vaccines
Adi S.
1. The first line of defense (a) includes barriers to entry, (b) is usually a passive reaction, (c) requires macrophages, (d) can be humoral or cell-mediated, (e) requires lymphocytes. 2. Protective proteins in innate immunity (a) are usually cytokines, (b) include complement and interferon, (c) require PAMP receptors, (d) are the basis of immunization, (e) include antibodies. 3. Mucus, lysozyme, and digestive enzymes are examples of (a) passive immunity, (b) specific immunity, (c) innate immunity, (d) PAMPs, (e) acquired immunity. 4. PAMPs include (a) pentraxins, (b) defensins, (c) Toll-like receptors, (d) n-formyl methionine, (e) more than one answer is correct. 5. Epithelial peptides that have antimicrobial properties include (a) complement, (b) defensins and cathelicidins, (c) interferons, (d) PAMPs, (e) none of these answers is correct. 6. Toll-like receptors are (a) present on B lymphocytes, (b) function primarily in adaptive immunity, (c) recognize bacterial and viral PAMPs, (d) part of the innate immune system, (e) c & d are correct.
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