Animals can be categorized into four "Grades" by their morphological features. Which of the following is correct? * Parazoa are animals that lack true tissues Eumetazoa are animals that have true tissues The Eumetazoa can be divided into animals with radial symmetry versus animals with bilateral symmetry Animal with bilateral symmetry can be divided into those without a body cavity versus those with a body cavity All of the above are correct Animals can be categorized into four "Grades" by their morphological features. The first Grade divides animals with which of the following characteristics? * Body cavity (coelom) from cell masses (Protostomia) versus body cavity from digestive tube (Deuterostomia) Body cavity enclosed by mesoderm (Coelomates) versus no body cavity (Acoelomates) Body cavity enclosed by mesoderm (Coelomates) versus body cavity not enclosed by mesoderm (Pseudocoelomates) Bodies with radial symmetry versus bodies with bilateral symmetry Animals with true tissues versus animals without true tissues
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KEY TO MAJOR ANIMAL PHYLA 1. A. Body is soft with numerous pores, no appendages or obvious sensory organs. . . . . . . . . Phylum Porifera B. Body is symmetrical with clear appendages or sensory organs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. A. Body shows radial symmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 B. Body shows bilateral symmetry or is worm-like or has a shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. A. Body is soft and smooth, mouth region is usually surrounded by tentacles . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phylum Cnidaria B. Body is spiny . . . . . . . . . . Phylum Echinodermata 4. A. No gills, three or more appendages (if present) or no appendages (snakes not included) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 B. Gills present or 2 pairs of appendages (including snakes) . . . . . . Phylum Chordata 5. A. Body includes jointed appendages with an exoskeleton . . . . . . Phylum Arthropoda B. Body without jointed appendages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. A. Body is soft and flat, no segmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phylum Platyhelminthes B. Body is not soft, flat, or does show segmentation. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. A. Body is worm-like with segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phylum Annelida B. Body is not segmented . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 8. A. Body is slender, smooth, worm-like, but not flat . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phylum Nematoda B. Body is covered by a shell or has tentacles or paired eyes or antennae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phylum Mollusca
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