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Analyzing Data 13.1: Will a Defensive Symbiont Increase in Frequency in a Host Population Subjected to Parasitism? https://ecology4e.sinauer.com/protected/ad13.html Complete this exercise on the textbook's website, then answer these questions. Suppose a group of researchers conducted a set of experiments to investigate whether species of defensive bacterial symbionts can protect fruit flies from the nematode parasite Howardula. Here's a report on this research in Wired magazine: https://www.wired.com/2010/07/protective-endosymbiosis-fruit-flies/ Suppose in the first experiment that researchers screened for beneficial symbiotic bacteria by searching for species similar to Spiroplasma bacteria. They first established a large population of fruit flies and exposed the population to the nematode parasite. They then separated the fruit fly individuals into two groups: those without Howardula (the parasite) and those with Howardula. They screened individuals from both groups for seven species of symbionts (A-G). The results are shown in the table below. Table 1. Percentage of Fruit Fly Individuals with Different Species of Symbionts. Symbiont Species Treatment A B C D E F G Howardula absent 50 40 80 30 50 95 30 Howardula present 50 90 10 30 75 95 96 Question 3. In Table 1, how many symbiont species had no effect on the number of fruit flies parasitized by Howardula? 3 7 5 0 QUESTION 4 Question 4. How did you reach your conclusion in Question 3? The percentage of individuals hosting symbionts A, D, and F does not change with respect to the presence or absence of Howardula. All of the symbionts have some effect on the number of fruit flies parasitized by Howardula. A higher percentage of individuals that contain Howardula also host species B, E, and G compared to individuals that lack Howardula. Only one symbiont is found in more than 95% of individuals. QUESTION 5 Question 5. In Table 1, is there any evidence of symbiont species that have been negatively affected by parasitism? Yes, because Species A, D, and F appeared to have no effect on parasitism. Yes, because Species C was present in 80% of the fruit flies that lacked Howardula and in only 10% that had it. No, because none of the symbionts occur at higher frequency in flies that have Howardula than flies without Howardula. No, because all of the symbionts occur at the same frequency in flies with and without Howardula

Analyzing Data 13.1: Will a Defensive Symbiont Increase in Frequency in a Host Population Subjected to Parasitism?
https://ecology4e.sinauer.com/protected/ad13.html
Complete this exercise on the textbook's website, then answer these questions.
Suppose a group of researchers conducted a set of experiments to investigate whether species of defensive bacterial symbionts can protect fruit flies from the nematode parasite Howardula.
Here's a report on this research in Wired magazine:
https://www.wired.com/2010/07/protective-endosymbiosis-fruit-flies/
Suppose in the first experiment that researchers screened for beneficial symbiotic bacteria by searching for species similar to Spiroplasma bacteria. They first established a large population of fruit flies and exposed the population to the nematode parasite. They then separated the fruit fly individuals into two groups: those without Howardula (the parasite) and those with Howardula. They screened individuals from both groups for seven species of symbionts (A-G). The results are shown in the table below.
Table 1. Percentage of Fruit Fly Individuals with Different Species of Symbionts.
Symbiont Species
Treatment A B C D E F G
Howardula absent 50 40 80 30 50 95 30
Howardula present 50 90 10 30 75 95 96
Question 3. In Table 1, how many symbiont species had no effect on the number of fruit flies parasitized by Howardula?
3
7
5
0
QUESTION 4
Question 4. How did you reach your conclusion in Question 3?
The percentage of individuals hosting symbionts A, D, and F does not change with respect to the presence or absence of Howardula.
All of the symbionts have some effect on the number of fruit flies parasitized by Howardula.
A higher percentage of individuals that contain Howardula also host species B, E, and G compared to individuals that lack Howardula.
Only one symbiont is found in more than 95% of individuals.
QUESTION 5
Question 5. In Table 1, is there any evidence of symbiont species that have been negatively affected by parasitism?
Yes, because Species A, D, and F appeared to have no effect on parasitism.
Yes, because Species C was present in 80% of the fruit flies that lacked Howardula and in only 10% that had it.
No, because none of the symbionts occur at higher frequency in flies that have Howardula than flies without Howardula.
No, because all of the symbionts occur at the same frequency in flies with and without Howardula

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