Which of the following is NOT a stage of the Transtheoretical Model? Relapse Action Preparation Maintenance Theories are comprised of ________________. Concepts Tenets Postulates Constructs Which of the following is NOT evidence or justification for the use of health behavior theory in health promotion practice? Theory-based interventions have been shown to be most effective Theories specify the methods for changing behavior Theories identify the appropriate time or stage for intervention All of these are evidence or justification for the use of health behavior theory What is a limitation of the Health Belief Model? People's beliefs can be misaligned Information used in this model is already equally spread amongst the population This is not a real model Does not address self-efficacy Ecological models of change would fit into which level? Hierarchical Interpersonal Community Intrapersonal Interpersonal models and theories are those that focus on what? Policy The social environment Attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions Communities Which of the following is NOT a level where Public Health can intervene? Institutional Community Microscopic Societal With which model or theory did the construct of "self-efficacy" start? Social Cognitive Theory Diffusion of Innovation Theory Health Belief Model Transtheoretical Model What is the difference between a theory and a model? A theory is larger than a model A model is larger than a theory What does the following definition represent? "A summary of previous concepts that predict health behavior." Construct Theory Model Tenet
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QUESTION 3 Some sociologists define "formalization" as the extent of regulation in an organization. In one study, this was indicated by the number of the following types of documents that organizations had created: written employment contracts, information booklets, an organization chart, written job descriptions, and a manual of procedures. The total count of documents is an example of: a. conceptualization. b. operationalization. c. reliability assessment. d. validity assessment. QUESTION 4 Which of the following is an empirical indicator of alienation? a. a feeling of estrangement from a situation, group, or culture b. the inability to control one's immediate work processes c. lack of a sense of purpose that connects one's job to the overall organization of production d. whether an individual agrees with the statement "I am often left out of things going on around me" QUESTION 5 In social measurement, indicator is to index/scale as __________ is to __________. a. measured; manipulated b. one questionnaire item; two or more items c. observation; verbal reports d. reliable; unreliable QUESTION 6 Manipulation operations are used most commonly in: a. experiments. b. surveys. c. qualitative field research. d. the analysis of existing data. QUESTION 7 In Pager's study of the impact of a criminal record on employment opportunity, what type of operational definition did she use to measure "employment opportunity"? a. manipulation operations b. verbal report c. observation d. archival records QUESTION 8 In selecting or creating an operational definition of a concept, the textbook suggests all of the following guidelines except: a. carefully consider the theory in which the concept is embedded. b. use more than one indicator to measure complex concepts. c. select an operational definition that captures the meaning of the concept. d. use quantitative measures whenever possible. QUESTION 9 A variable's level of measurement indicates: a. the number of questions used to measure the variable. b. the number of variable categories. c. the kinds of comparisons that can be made between cases in different variable categories. d. the degree of correspondence between conceptual and operational definitions.
Sri K.
Question 1 Part A: A particularly popular theory since the mid-20th century to explain human development has been Stage Theories of Human Development. Define a Stage Theory of Development and explain what assumptions are made about the following 3 debates: - continuous vs. discontinuous development - single vs. multiple time courses of development - Nature vs. Nurture Part B: Select one of the Stage Theories below and describe the order of stages in the theory. Then, report three examples of evidence to support the assumptions about the 3 issues above. For example, a theory stating that motor development occurs in discontinuous stages is supported by the finding that 95% of infants and toddlers learn to walk in the same order of separate skills - rolling over, sitting up, crawling, and finally standing and walking between 12 - 17 months of age. You would need to explain what this finding suggests about the continuity issue, the time course issue, and the Nature/Nurture issue. - Piaget's Stage Theory of Cognitive/Mental Development - Erikson's Stage Theory of Psychosocial/Emotional Development - Kohlberg's Stage Theory of Moral Development - Freud's Stage Theory of Psychosexual Development Question 2 Part A: Define the terms "sensation" and "perception." Explain why both processes are not the same. Which process occurs first and which process picks up where/when the other leaves off? Then describe how each of the following structures plays a role in the sensory pathway of light: - Cornea -> pupil -> iris -> lens Part B: Describe how each of the following structures plays a role in the pathway of perceptual impulses/messages related to color, form, and depth of a visual object. - Retina -> optic nerve -> thalamus -> occipital lobe
Supreeta N.
Which is a TRUE statement? A. Individual academic experts generally develop program evaluations. B. Groups of community stakeholders develop Community Health Improvement Plans. C. One of the steps in the framework to promote greater use of evidence is to survey your friends for their opinions. D. More than half of the public health workers have training in epidemiology or health education. QUESTION 2 Which of these definitions/descriptions is correct? A. Primary prevention's aim is to reduce the incidence of a disease or injury. B. Secondary prevention reduces or controls the causative factors of potential health problems. C. Tertiary prevention is early detection of health problems. D. Quaternary prevention provides support services to maximize quality of life. QUESTION 3 Which statement about performance measurement and management and quality improvement is TRUE? A. An example of a health performance indicator is "reported incidence rate of representative vaccine-preventable diseases." B. There is only one set of public health workforce competencies. C. A fishbone diagram is used to map out how a public health activity can be revised for improvement. D. A box in a quality improvement process map indicates a successful outcome. QUESTION 4 Public health services and systems research (PHSSR) includes the following: A. Investigating causes of obesity B. Techniques to promote disease prevention C. Public health workforce recruitment and retention D. Addressing infant mortality and decreasing disparities between states QUESTION 5 Which of these statements is TRUE of evidence-based public health? A. One of Brownson's framework steps is to consider your own opinions of the public health issue. B. A key characteristic of evidence-based decision-making is using data gathered from case studies. C. Fewer studies of public health interventions exist than for clinical interventions and often take longer to do. D. Evaluation of public health programs and policies asks how are we going to get results?
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