answer correctly or I'll give down vote 298. How does quantization affect the efficiency of data communication protocols?
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QUESTION 2 a) Describe briefly some advantages of digital over analog transmission. (2 marks) b) With the aid of diagrams describe the process of creating a PCM signal out of an analog waveform. (3 marks) c) Describe factors that can degrade the performance of a communication system. (2 marks) An analog signal is sampled at Nyquist rate and 5-bit PCM encoded using a bit interval of Tb=100ÎĽs. The PCM signal is received with a Peak S/N of 30 dB. d) Find the null bandwidth necessary for transmitting the PCM signal using Unipolar NRZ pulses. (2 marks) e) Find the null bandwidth necessary for transmitting the PCM signal using Manchester NRZ pulses. (2 marks) f) Compare Unipolar NRZ and Manchester NRZ line coding regarding bandwidth requirement, DC value and synchronization signal generation. (3 marks) g) Calculate the average noise power of the received PCM signal if the Peak signal power is 1 mW. (2 marks) h) Find the probability of error Pe of the received PCM signal. (2 marks) i) What shall we do to transmit this PCM signal using Unipolar NRZ over a channel which has a bandwidth of only 5 KHz?Explain. (2 marks) QUESTION 3 a) An audio signal of bandwidth 4 kHz is sampled at a rate of 25% above the Nyquist rate and quantized. The quantization error is not to exceed 0.1% of the signal peak amplitude. The resulting quantized samples are now coded and transmitted by 4-ary pulses. (i) Determine the minimum number of 4-ary pulses needed to encode each sample. (2 marks) (ii) Determine the minimum transmission bandwidth required to transmit this data with zero ISI. (2 marks) (iii) Determine the transmission bandwidth required if raised-cosine 4-ary pulses with 25% roll-off are used. (2 marks) b) An analog signal of bandwidth 10 kHz is sampled at a rate of 24 ksamples/s quantized into 256 samples and coded using M-ary multilevel pulses satisfying the Nyquist criterion with a roll-off factor r=0.2. A 30 kHz bandwidth is available to transmit the data. Determine the smallest acceptable value of M. (6 marks) c) A multilevel digital system sends one of 16 possible levels over a channel every 0.5 ms (i) What is the number of bits corresponding to each level? (2 marks) (ii) What is the bit rate?
Adi S.
a. In a communication system, after the message signal has been sent through the system, the speaker output was found not to be able to produce the desired output to satisfy the receiving customers. After investigation, it was observed that the frequency was very high just as it was transmitted. Discuss what really went wrong in the transmission process and what measures will you take to avert this situation? You will be expected to come out with all processes involved. b. In an attempt to have reliable and controlled data, n1 = 10000, n2 = 1000000 are the bits in the data block. The probability of a single error has been given to be 10^-6. Calculate the probability of a packet of the two data blocks. Comment on the two answers relating to packet-based communication.
Ameer S.
(a) A speech signal having a bandwidth of 3700 Hz is sampled to guarantee a guard band of 1400 Hz. The resulting sampling frequency is --------------------- (b) If you increase the number of quantization levels N, then quantization noise------------ (c) A PCM system with N=128 quantization levels is used to transmit binary data. But it is required to increase the SQNR of the system by at least 10 dB. The updated value of N is --------------- (d) A signal having a bandwidth of 4.5 MHz is to be transmitted using a PCM system with 256 quantization levels. Then the minimum required transmission bandwidth is---------------- (e) A signal is transmitted using a delta modulator with a sampling frequency of 12500 samples per second. The bit rate of the system is------------ (f) For the given binary sequence 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0, the waveform using unipolar RZ is
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