a) Which of the following GEM examples is not matched appropriately? Group of answer choices (pick 1) Biofuels: microbes are genetically engineered to produce enzymes that can convert plant sugars to biofuels Chymosin: the chymosin gene from a cow is inserted into yeast that can express the enzyme used for cheese production Bti mosquito control: composed of a bacterium with unique plasmids that code for toxins to damage mosquito larvae that feed on the bacteria HT crops: engineered to express a gene product that blocks glyphosate from entering the plant cells Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR): multiple plasmids that convey the ability to metabolize specific components of oil are introduced into bacteria b) Fermentation can be necessary for bacteria when there are no better options because Group of answer choices (pick 1) the fermentation step generates a proton gradient NADH must be recycled back to NAD+ in order for glycolysis to continue pyruvate can be toxic for bacteria the fermentation step generates a lot of ATP fermentation products can serve as a terminal electron acceptor so that chemiosmosis can resume
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In relation to biofuels, which of these is INCORRECTLY matched? a) all photosynthetic microbes = production of currently cost-effective biofuels b) ethanol = made by fermentation of food crops c) Botryococcus braunii = 30% hydrocarbon by dry weight d) methane = anaerobic respiration by microbes in landfills In the production of wine, which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched? a) Aspergillus oryzae = converts starch to simple sugars b) Saccharomyces yeast = fermentation of sugar to make alcohol c) Leuconostoc bacteria = removes acids in grape juice d) sulfur dioxide = reduce number of naturally occurring bacteria on grapes BOD is highest during which of the following phases of municipal wastewater treatment? a) primary treatment b) secondary treatment c) chemical treatment d) sludge treatment
Sri K.
Which of the following are products of fermentation? a Organic acids b Carbon dioxide (CO2) c Glucose d Lactose Which of the following are characteristics of the bacterium Shigella? a Gram-negative b Rod-shaped c Coccus-shaped d Gram-positive e Motile f Non-motile Shigellosis infects an estimated 500,000 individuals each year. Which of the following makes Shigellosis outbreaks common? a The bacterial pathogen is easily spread through respiratory droplets. b The bacterial pathogen does not promote an immune response. c Infected individuals are often asymptomatic. d The bacterial pathogen is resistant to all known antibiotics.
Suman K.
1. Consider a genetic mutation which causes T helper cells to be unable to respond to stimulation by the cytokines which lead to TH2 differentiation. This mutation would cause a patient to be deficient in which activity? a) production of memory cells b) decrease of the immune response once the pathogen is eliminated c) production of antibodies d) action of cytotoxic T cells 2. Which of the following statements best describes the goal of the first line of immune defense? a) To provide long-term immunity against antigens b) To prevent pathogen entry c) To perform phagocytic clearance of microorganisms that invade sterile tissues d) To initiate a fever so that heat-sensitive pathogens may be killed 3. In contrast to a primary response, humoral memory _____. a) provides a slower response b) generates antibodies with reduced affinity for its antigen c) generates reduced antibody levels d) generates higher antibody levels 4. Which of the following is an example of the second and third lines of defense working together? a) normal microbiota competing with pathogens b) complement is activated by antibodies bound to a target cell c) inflammation attracting macrophages (for phagocytosis) d) TH cells activating B cells 5. Select all the false statements about artificially acquired immunity. a) It may generate memory cells. b) It can be passive. c) It can be active. d) It may be generated by vaccines. e) An example includes the transfer of antibodies across the placenta.
Madhur L.
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