Anthrax is transmitted by contact, inhalation, and ingestion. a zoonosis. only seen sporadically in the United States. a disease that, in humans, can cause a rapidly fatal toxemia and septicemia. All of these choices are correct.
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This bacteria produces a toxin called anthrax toxin which can result in a rapidly fatal toxemia and septicemia in humans. Show more…
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Anthrax is caused by the spore-forming, gram-positive bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The bacterium's major virulence factors are (a) the anthrax toxins and (b) an antiphagocytic polyglutamic capsule. These are encoded by two large plasmids, the former by pXO1 and the latter by pXO2. The expression of both is controlled by the bicarbonate-responsive transcriptional regulator, AtxA. The anthrax toxins are three polypeptides - protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF) - that come together in binary combinations to form lethal toxin and edema toxin. PA binds to cellular receptors to translocate LF (a protease) and EF (an adenylate cyclase) into cells. The toxins alter cell signaling pathways in the host to interfere with innate immune responses in the early stages of infection and to induce vascular collapse at late stages. Using the information above, specifically discuss how the bacteria infect human tissue.
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Which of the following pathogens possesses a plasmid? a. virus b. prion c. bacterium d. All of these are correct.
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