Assembly of TNF receptor complexes can lead to either cell death or cell survival. What is the key enzymatic step that separately initiates each of these two pathways?
Added by Ricky R.
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Step 1: The assembly of TNF receptor complexes occurs when Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) binds to its receptor, leading to the recruitment of various adaptor proteins. Show more…
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Draw the following apoptotic pathway, which operates in human immune cells. A death signal is received when a molecule called Fas binds its cell-surface receptor. The binding of many Fas molecules to receptors causes receptor clustering. The intracellular regions of the receptors, when together, bind proteins called adaptor proteins. These in turn bind to inactive molecules of caspase- $8,$ which become activated and then activate caspase-3. Once activated, caspase-3 initiates apoptosis.
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In the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, receptors activated by proteins on cytotoxic T cells called FasL cause the receptors to clump together and recruit to the membrane. This then recruits FADD, which becomes active and then activates Procaspase 8. In one of the intrinsic pathways, p53 builds up in the cell due to DNA damage and initiates the apoptosis process. This blocks the function of Bcl2 on the mitochondria, which allows cytochrome C to be released. This results in the formation of the apoptosome, which activates Procaspase 3 and leads to cell death. PUMA is also involved in this pathway.
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How are Fas death receptors able to recruit the Fas-associated death domain (FADD) adaptor proteins in the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis? FADD adaptors subsequently recruit initiator caspases, forming a death-inducing signaling complex (DISC). Explain how this recruitment is accomplished.
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