Assess your knowledge of the composition of the extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments. Indicate whether the following solute concentrations are normally greater in the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment or the intracellular fluid (ICF) compartment.
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Intracellular fluid for K+ = 140.0, Extracellular fluid for K+ = 4.0, ICF for Cl- = 4, and ECF for Cl- = 115. The Nernst equation is Veq = [(61.5 mV) / (z)] x (log [S]0 / [S]i), where z is the charge of the ion S, [S]0 is the extracellular fluid concentration in respect to S, and [S]i is the intracellular fluid concentration in respect to S. Please show work! Imagine a sphere-shaped neuron in the human brain that has the following concentrations of ions in the intracellular and extracellular fluid. 1. At the resting condition, the neuron has leak channels that are only permeable to K+. Using the Nernst equation, calculate the resting membrane potential of this neuron (please round to the nearest whole number in mVs). 2. Now you are asked to depolarize the neuron to -65 mV by changing the K+ concentration in the extracellular fluid. Calculate the extracellular concentration of K+ required to achieve this goal. Please give your answer in mM, rounded to the nearest whole number. 3. Imagine this neuron also has ionotropic GABA receptors that are only permeable to Cl-. When these receptors are activated by GABA released from a neighboring neuron, would it cause depolarization or hyperpolarization? Please use calculation(s) to justify your answer. 4. During brain development, some neurons change the intracellular concentration of certain ions as they mature, resulting in very different electrochemical gradients in developing and adult neurons. Early in development, the intracellular Cl- concentration of our neuron was 100 mM (instead of 4 mM now). In this situation, would the same GABA release from the same neighboring neuron result in depolarization or hyperpolarization? Please use calculation(s) to justify your answer.
Adi S.
What ion is at a higher concentration in the extracellular fluid than in the intracellular fluid?
If a cell's cytoplasm were hyperosmotic to the extracellular fluid, how would the concentration of solutes in the cytoplasm compare with that in the extracellular fluid?
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