Based on the background information, which of the following is a mechanism by which an action potential is LEAST likely to occur in the associated postsynaptic neuron? Summation of ionic events [2 marks] A. Spatially from the glutamate-releasing neurons and other neurons releasing an excitatory neurotransmitter that acts via an indirect mechanism. B. Spatially from many postsynaptic neurons that release glutamate. C. Temporally from rapid stimulation of the presynaptic neurons that release glutamate. D. Spatially from the glutamate-releasing neurons and other neurons releasing the excitatory transmitter, aspartate. E. Spatially from the neurons releasing glutamate and other neurons releasing the inhibitory transmitter, GABA.
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Which of the following is a likely mechanism for long-term potentiation? a. When glutamate binds to postsynaptic AMPA receptors, it activates G proteins that trigger intracellular changes. b. When glutamate binds to NMDA receptors, it allows $\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}$ ions to enter the cell, which initiate intracellular changes. c. When sufficient glutamate is released by the presynaptic cell, it causes an increase in the number of AMPA receptors on the postsynaptic cell. d. When sufficient glutamate is released, both AMPA and NMDA receptors are activated, and NMDA receptors allow $\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}$ as well as $\mathrm{Na}^{+}$ to enter the cell, thus initiating intracellular changes. e. When both glutamate and acetylcholine are released together, they create a long-lasting depolarization of the postsynaptic cell.
An action potential is _______ . a. the likelihood that a neuron will take action when stimulated b. the tendency for a neuron to be potentiated by neurotransmitters c. the firing of a nerve, either toward or away from the brain d. a neural impulse that carries information along the axon of a neuron
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When a sensory neuron receives a stimulus that brings it to threshold, it will do all of the following EXCEPT: (A) $\quad$ become depolarized. (B) $\quad$ transduce the stimulus to an action potential. (C)$\quad$ inhibit the spread of the action potential to other sensory neurons. (D) $\quad$ cause the release of neurotransmitters onto cells in the central nervous system.
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