Classify each of the studies as observational or experimental.
1. A study at the University of Southern California separated 108 volunteers into groups, based on psychological tests designed to determine how often they lied and cheated. Those with a tendency to lie had different brain structures than those who did not lie (British Journal of Psychiatry)
This study is an example of a/an study.
2. In a study of the effects of magnets on back pain, some subjects were treated with magnets while others were given nonmagnetic devices with a similar appearance (Journal of the American Medical Association). (The magnets did not appear to be effective in treating back pain.)
This study is an example of a/an study.
3. Using a survey of 1502 Americans, the Pew Research Center determined that 85% of Americans believe that the country is more politically divided than in the past and that those divisions will persist.
This study is an example of a/an study.