Clinical Stages of Tuberculosis Infection and Disease Progression Place the steps in the correct order to assess your understanding of the clinical stages of tuberculosis infection and disease progression. Rank the options below. Inhaled into lungs Lung macrophages engulf bacilli, infection occurs in 80-90% of cases
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Put the following events in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis in order: An inflammatory reaction occurs wherever M. tuberculosis are located. Macrophage and lymphocytes surround the bacteria and growth of bacteria ceases in latent cases of TB. In active cases of TB, the inflammatory response cannot contain the growth of M. tuberculosis and the organisms spread throughout the lungs and are released through coughing. Airborne Mycobacterium tuberculosis are inhaled from respiratory droplets most often spread when an infected person coughs. Infected macrophages spread throughout the body to locations such as the kidney, brain and lymph nodes. Bacteria are released in these locations. Alveolar macrophages engulf the bacteria but the bacteria survive and even multiply within the macrophages.
Adi S.
Drag the labels to the correct categories to demonstrate your understanding of tuberculosis. Use the pop-up hints that appear when you roll over the empty boxes to help you correctly place the labels. M. avium Tuberculosis caused by airborne transmission of Primary M. tuberculosis XDR-TB MAC Long-term drug treatment 3 forms of disease Diagnosis with direct and indirect tests Antimicrobial sensitivity testing Noncompliance leads to resistant strains Tuberculin test Secondary Acid-fast staining MDR-TB Extrapulmonary Chest X-rays Reset
Madhur L.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS The questions should be answered either by selecting True (T) or False (F) for each answer statement, or by selecting the answer statements which best answer the question. Answers can be found in the back of the book. 1. Which of the following are true of the cell wall of mycobacteria? A. It contains mycolic acid. B. It contains peptidoglycan. C. It stains green with the Ziehl-Neelsen stain. D. It is highly permeable to antibiotics. E. It contains lipopolysaccharide. 2. Which of the following are true of M. tuberculosis? A. The organism grows in 3 days. B. The organism can only be grown in armadillos. C. The organism is disseminated by the aerial route. D. Each infected person infects on average 20 other individuals. E. About one-third of the world's population is infected. 3. Which of the following are associated with the host response to M. tuberculosis? A. Macrophages. B. Granulomas. C. Destructive antibody response. D. Lipopolysaccharide binding protein. E. Cell-mediated immunity. 4. Which of the following are ways in which M. tuberculosis avoids the host defenses? A. Remains a superficial infection. B. Adopts an intracellular location. C. Prevents phagolysosome fusion. D. Resists acidification of the phagolysosome. E. Is resistant to TNF-α. 5. Which of the following may be due to infection with M. tuberculosis? A. Osteomyelitis. B. Meningitis. C. Abscess. D. Food poisoning. E. Pyelonephritis. 6. Which of the following are typical signs of pulmonary tuberculosis? A. Chronic cough. B. Seizures. C. Skin rash. D. Weight loss. E. Low grade fever. 7. Which of the following are important in the diagnosis of tuberculosis? A. Culture. B. Microscopy. C. Serology. D. Polymerase chain reaction. E. Histopathology. 8. Which of the following could be confused with extrapulmonary tuberculosis? A. Staphylococcal abscess of the spine. B. Addison's disease. C. Ringworm. D. Glioma. E. Cryptococcal meningitis. 9. Which of the following antibiotics are used to treat tuberculosis? A. Benzylpenicillin. B. Isoniazid. C. Rifampicin. D. Pyrazinamide. E. Vancomycin. 10. Which of the following are true of tuberculosis? A. It is a notifiable disease in the UK. B. Contacts should be started on empirical antituberculous therapy. C. DOTS means the patient visits a treatment center for their drugs. D. Disease prevalence is correlated with social deprivation. E. There is no effective vaccine.
Suman K.
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