Compare ATP production in the citric acid cycle to the electron transport chain or aerobic respiration. A. Both processes use oxidative phosphorylation. B. Both processes use substrate-level phosphorylation. C. The citric acid cycle uses substrate-level phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain uses oxidative phosphorylation. D. The citric acid cycle uses oxidative phosphorylation, and the electron transport chain uses substrate-level phosphorylation. What is the advantage of fermentation over aerobic respiration? A. Fermentation does not produce more ATP. B. Fermentation does not require glucose. C. Fermentation does not require oxygen. D. Fermentation does not produce fewer waste products. What is the source of carbon used by plants to build sugars? A. Carbon dioxide from the air. B. Hydrocarbons from the soil. C. ATP produced by the mitochondria. D. NADPH produced by the chloroplasts. Nondisjunction is when chromosomes do not separate correctly in anaphase. Nondisjunction in meiosis II produces: A. Two cells with too many chromosomes and two cells with too few chromosomes. B. Two cells with the correct number of chromosomes and two cells with too many chromosomes. C. Two cells with too many chromosomes; one with too many chromosomes and one with the correct number of chromosomes. D. Cells with the correct numbers of chromosomes; one cell with too many chromosomes and one cell with too few chromosomes.
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What does not occur during the citric acid cycle? A) Formation of ATP via oxidative phosphorylation B) NAD+ reduction C) Release of carbon dioxide D) NADH formation E) Formation of ATP via substrate level phosphorylation What is the direct effect of the energy released by electron transport during cellular respiration? A) Reduction of NAD+ to NADH B) Formation of a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane C) Release of CO from mitochondria D) Reduction of NADH to NAD+ E) Release of oxygen from mitochondria Where do the electrons used to reduce CO during the Calvin Cycle ultimately derive from (i.e., what molecule is the origin of such electrons)? A) Water B) Glucose C) ATP D) Light E) NADP+ Where does the oxygen that organisms use for aerobic cell respiration originate during photosynthesis? A) Glucose B) Carbon dioxide C) Light D) NADPH E) Water
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1. Which part of cellular respiration produces the most ATP? a. Lactic acid fermentation b. Glycolysis c. Krebs Cycle d. ETC 2. The process of actively secreting or excreting material out of the cell is called ____________: a. Tonicity b. Exocytosis c. Endocytosis d. Diffusion e. Osmosis 3. Which of the following is the balanced chemical equation for the process of cellular respiration? a. C6H12O2 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + H2O + ATP b. C6H12O6 + 3O2 > 3CO2 + 6H2O + ATP c. C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + H2O + ATP d. None of the above are correct 4. In cell respiration, where does glycolysis occur? a. Matrix b. Along the inner membrane of the mitochondria c. Inter-membrane space d. Cytosol outside the mitochondria 5. In cell respiration, where does the Kreb's cycle occur? a. Matrix b. Along the inner membrane of the mitochondria c. Inter-membrane space d. Cytosol outside of the mitochondria 6. In cell respiration, where is the most ATP produced? a. The ETC found along the inner membrane b. The Kreb's cycle found along the inner membrane c. The Kreb's cycle in the matrix d. Glycolysis in the cytosol of the cell 7. Which of the following are reactants of cell respiration? a. Glucose b. Oxygen c. Carbon dioxide d. Water e. More than one of the above 8. Which product(s) of photosynthesis is used during cell respiration? a. CO2 b. H2O c. C6H12O6 d. Both A and B e. Both A and C 9. In photosynthesis, what is the primary electron donor in the ETC? a. H2O b. Chlorophyll B c. Carotenoids d. Xanthophylls 10. What are the products of glycolysis? a. 2 pyruvate molecules b. 2 ATP molecules c. 2 NADH molecules d. All of the above
During cellular respiration, energy enters in the form of an organic molecule such as glucose, and leaves in the form of ATP. Along the way energy changes form many times. a. Fill in below to indicate the form the energy is in at each step, from the following choices: ATP, FADH2, NADH, Proton Gradient, Rotational Energy. For ATP, FADH2, and NADH, write the number of molecules produced at each step. Process Energy Produced Glycolysis Pyruvate Processing Citric Acid Cycle Electron Transport Chain ATP Synthase 1 (F0 Subunit) ATP Synthase 2 (F1 Subunit) b. Phosphofructokinase (the enzyme at step 3 in glycolysis) activity is regulated by ATP levels. How do high levels of ATP regulate this enzyme? c. Contrast aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and fermentation. Which one(s) completely oxidize glucose to CO2? If CO2 is not produced, what types of molecules can result instead (provide 2 examples)? Which process produces the most ATP? Which one produces the least ATP?
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