00:01
The cell and all of its components are enclosed within a membrane.
00:06
So here we can make a drawing of a cell.
00:09
And the cytosol refers to the liquid soluble components of the cell.
00:16
So we can refer to the cytosol here.
00:22
While the cytoplasm refers to both the cytosol and all of the insoluble suspended cell components, including the organelles, which we're about to go through.
00:36
So one organelle called the mitochondria, it kind of has this shape here.
00:43
Looks like this, these little folds in it.
00:50
Mitochondria are organelles that create cellular energy, also known as atp, and they do this through cellular respiration.
01:00
So this here is the mitochondria.
01:02
So i'm labeling it as mitochondrion.
01:14
This is the singular version of it, while mitochondria is the plural version.
01:19
And then we have the nucleus, which i'll label this in blue.
01:24
The nucleus is a very large circular shaped organelle.
01:28
And it actually is composed of two membranes.
01:33
This in here is the nucleolus.
01:37
And so the nucleus contains dna.
01:42
Which encodes for genetic information of the cell and of the organism as a whole.
01:49
The nucleus is only present in eukaryotic cells, not prokaryotic cells like bacterial cells.
01:58
Bacterial cells only have chemically distinct regions of the cell, while eukaryotic cells have distinct organelles where their chemical processes occur.
02:09
So that's the same for mitochondria.
02:13
Prokaryotic cells will not have mitochondria.
02:16
So here we have the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell, and it has dna in here.
02:23
So we'll label this as the nucleus.
02:31
And so within the nucleus, the dna can be in the form of chromatin, which is a unraveled, not very condensed.
02:48
Form of dna or we can see chromosomes and chromosomes become apparent when the dna condenses and it gets very organized and this always happens before the cell is about to divide but when it's not dividing it just remains as chromatin chloroplasts are organelles that are specific only to plant and algae cells or organisms that perform photosal and chloroplasts contain a pigment called chlorophyll, which gives it a green color.
03:31
So they just are circular green organelles.
03:44
And as i said before, these organelles carry out photosynthesis.
03:50
And this occurs when the chloroplasts capture energy from sunlight to produce sugars, to then carry out cellular respiration to create atp.
04:03
And this is similar to the job that mitochondria do.
04:09
Lysosomes are small organelles that contain digestive enzymes to carry out intracellular digestion.
04:19
They digest or break down extra cellular parts that need to be recycled within the cell, or to be excreted from the cell.
04:32
So we can just draw the lysosome as so...