Question

Consider the T1 communication line where 24 telephone calls are multiplexed. The T1 frame is of duration 125 micro seconds and is of length 193 bits where 192 bits for the data bits, and 1 bit is for synchronization. Refer to frame structure in slides/textbook. a) (5 points) The TDM demultiplexer at the receiver side need to be perfectly synchronized with the TDM frame (i.e. it knows exactly where the 1<sup>st</sup> bit of the frame is located) in order to correctly demultiplex the telephone channels. Explain briefly how is the synchronization bit used for regaining synchronization if the demultiplexer slips (i.e. loses synchronization for a brief moment). b) (5 points) Explain why/how V.90 and V.92 telephone modems are limited to 56 kb/s downstream on telephone lines in light of the T1 frame structure/usages.

          Consider the T1 communication line where 24 telephone calls are multiplexed. The T1 frame is of
duration 125 micro seconds and is of length 193 bits where 192 bits for the data bits, and 1 bit is for
synchronization. Refer to frame structure in slides/textbook.
a) (5 points) The TDM demultiplexer at the receiver side need to be perfectly synchronized with the
TDM frame (i.e. it knows exactly where the 1<sup>st</sup> bit of the frame is located) in order to correctly
demultiplex the telephone channels. Explain briefly how is the synchronization bit used for regaining
synchronization if the demultiplexer slips (i.e. loses synchronization for a brief moment).
b) (5 points) Explain why/how V.90 and V.92 telephone modems are limited to 56 kb/s downstream
on telephone lines in light of the T1 frame structure/usages.

Consider the T1 communication line where 24 telephone calls are multiplexed. The T1 frame is of
duration 125 micro seconds and is of length 193 bits where 192 bits for the data bits, and 1 bit is for
synchronization. Refer to frame structure in slides/textbook.
a) (5 points) The TDM demultiplexer at the receiver side need to be perfectly synchronized with the
TDM frame (i.e. it knows exactly where the 1<sup>st</sup> bit of the frame is located) in order to correctly
demultiplex the telephone channels. Explain briefly how is the synchronization bit used for regaining
synchronization if the demultiplexer slips (i.e. loses synchronization for a brief moment).
b) (5 points) Explain why/how V.90 and V.92 telephone modems are limited to 56 kb/s downstream
on telephone lines in light of the T1 frame structure/usages.

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