Copy the orange GF-L symbol and place it at the active site of the appropriate receptor. Copy the yellow phosphorylation symbol and add it to all phosphorylated proteins activated in the presence of GF-L. Copy the black activation arrows and place them between proteins that activate each other in the presence of GF-L. Copy the red inhibition symbols and place them between the correct protein that inhibits each other in the presence of GF-L. Copy the final activation arrow and add it to the correct locations where proteins directly promote cell division in the presence of GF-L.
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Step 1
Step 1: Identify the appropriate receptor for GF-L (Growth Factor-L) and place the orange GF-L symbol at its active site. Show more…
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Cell development, motility, immune function, and many other biochemical processes are controlled by growth factor receptors. Growth factors act through a common series of signaling steps. Place the steps shown in the correct order from first to last: Order of Growth Factor Signals: 1. Growth factor binds to inactive receptor. 2. The kinase receptor domain will recognize tyrosines on the SH2 binding partners, phosphorylating these motifs. 3. Receptor dimerizes (some receptors are already a dimer in the inactive state). 4. SH2 domain-containing proteins will bind to the receptor at the phosphorylated tyrosine residue. 5. The intracellular kinase domain in the receptor recognizes and will autophosphorylate the dimer partner at a tyrosine. Final GF Signaling:
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Question 2: When activated, the PDGF receptor gets phosphorylated on multiple tyrosine sites. These phosphorylated tyrosines serve as assembly sites for proteins containing SH2 domains, such as PLCÎł, GAP, PI3K, and PTP (as shown in Figure 1). Upon PDGF (ligand) binding, one of the changes in the cell is an increase in DNA synthesis, as measured by the incorporation of radioactive thymidine. To determine which of these proteins is responsible for activation in DNA synthesis, the researcher constructed several mutants of the PDGF receptor, each with a different combination of tyrosine phosphorylation sites. These mutants were separately expressed in cells, and the results obtained upon PDGF stimulation are shown in Figure 2. Based upon the figure, what roles do PI3K, GAP, PTP, and PLCÎł play in the stimulation of DNA synthesis by PDGF? Figure 1: PDGF Figure 2: 100 V 32 Protein Psite PI3K 740, 751 GAP 771 PTP 1009 PLCÎł 1021
Place the following events involved in a receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway in the correct order/sequence: A. Transcription factors in the nucleus increase the expression of genes B. Receptors phosphorylate each other C. MAPK is activated D. Ligand binds to the receptors E. Receptors dimerize in the plasma membrane F. SOS-GRB2 complex binds to the receptor complex G. Ras has GTP bound H. Ras binds to the SOS-GRB2 complex
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